{1:1} Et factum est post mortem Moysi servi Domini, ut loqueretur Dominus ad Iosue filium Nun, ministrum Moysi, et diceret ei:
{1:1} And after the death of Moses, the servant of the Lord, it happened that the Lord spoke to Joshua, the son of Nun, the minister of Moses, and he said to him:
{1:2} Moyses servus meus mortuus est: Surge, et transi Iordanem istum tu et omnis populus tecum, in Terram, quam ego dabo filiis Israel.
{1:2} “Moses, my servant, has died. Rise up, and cross this Jordan, you and all the people with you, into the land which I will give to the sons of Israel.
{1:3} Omnem locum, quem calcaverit vestigium pedis vestri, vobis tradam, sicut locutus sum Moysi.
{1:3} I will deliver to you every place that the step of your foot will tread upon, just as I said to Moses.
{1:4} A deserto et Libano usque ad fluvium magnum Euphraten, omnis terra Hethæorum usque ad mare magnum contra solis occasum erit terminus vester.
{1:4} From the desert and from Lebanon, even to the great river Euphrates, all the land of the Hittites, as far as the great sea opposite the setting of the sun, shall be your border.
{1:5} Nullus poterit vobis resistere cunctis diebus vitæ tuæ: sicut fui cum Moyse, ita ero tecum: non dimittam, nec derelinquam te.
{1:5} No one will be able to resist you during all the days of your life. Just as I was with Moses, so will I be with you. I will not leave you, nor will I forsake you.
{1:6} Confortare, et esto robustus: tu enim sorte divides populo huic Terram, pro qua iuravi patribus suis, ut traderem eam illis.
{1:6} Be strengthened and be steadfast. For you shall divide by lot, to this people, the land about which I swore to their fathers that I would deliver it to them.
{1:7} Confortare igitur, et esto robustus valde: ut custodias, et facias omnem legem, quam præcepit tibi Moyses servus meus: ne declines ab ea ad dexteram vel ad sinistram, ut intelligas cuncta quæ agis.
{1:7} Therefore, be strengthened and be very steadfast, so that you may observe and accomplish the entire law, which Moses, my servant, instructed to you. You may not turn aside from it to the right, nor to the left. So may you understand all that you should do.
{1:8} Non recedat volumen legis huius ab ore tuo: sed meditaberis in eo diebus ac noctibus, ut custodias et facias omnia quæ scripta sunt in eo: tunc diriges viam tuam, et intelliges eam.
{1:8} The book of this law shall not depart from your mouth. Instead, you shall meditate upon it, day and night, so that you may observe and do all the things that are written in it. Then you shall direct your way and understand it.
{1:9} Ecce præcipio tibi, confortare, et esto robustus. Noli metuere, et noli timere: quoniam tecum est Dominus Deus tuus in omnibus ad quæcumque perrexeris.
{1:9} Behold, I am instructing you. Be strengthened, and be steadfast. Do not dread, and do not fear. For the Lord your God is with you in all things, wherever you may go.”
{1:10} Præcepitque Iosue principibus populi, dicens: Transite per medium castrorum, et imperate populo, ac dicite:
{1:10} And Joshua instructed the leaders of the people, saying: “Cross through the midst of the camp, and command the people, and say:
{1:11} Præparate vobis cibaria: quoniam post diem tertium transibitis Iordanem, et intrabitis ad possidendam Terram, quam Dominus Deus vester daturus est vobis.
{1:11} ‘Prepare your food supplies. For after the third day, you shall cross the Jordan, and you shall enter so as to possess the land, which the Lord your God will give to you.’ ”
{1:12} Rubenitis quoque et Gaditis, et dimidiæ tribui Manasse ait:
{1:12} Likewise, he said to the Reubenites and to the Gadites, and to the one half tribe of Manasseh:
{1:13} Mementote sermonis, quem præcepit vobis Moyses famulus Domini, dicens: Dominus Deus vester dedit vobis requiem, et omnem Terram.
{1:13} “Remember the words, which Moses, the servant of the Lord, instructed to you, saying: ‘The Lord your God has given you rest, and has given you all the land.’
{1:14} Uxores vestræ, et filii, ac iumenta manebunt in Terra, quam tradidit vobis Moyses trans Iordanem: vos autem transite armati ante fratres vestros, omnes fortes manu, et pugnate pro eis,
{1:14} Your wives and sons, as well as the cattle, shall remain in the land which Moses delivered to you beyond the Jordan. But as for you, pass over with weapons, before your brothers, all you who are strong of hand, and fight on their behalf,
{1:15} donec det Dominus requiem fratribus vestris sicut et vobis dedit, et possideant ipsi quoque Terram, quam Dominus Deus vester daturus est eis: et sic revertimini in Terram possessionis vestræ, et habitabitis in ea, quam vobis dedit Moyses famulus Domini trans Iordanem contra solis ortum.
{1:15} until the Lord gives rest to your brothers, just as he has given to you, and until they also possess the land, which the Lord your God will give to them. And so shall you be returned to the land of your possession. And you shall live in the land, which Moses, the servant of the Lord, gave to you beyond the Jordan, opposite the rising of the sun.”
{1:16} Responderuntque ad Iosue, atque dixerunt: Omnia, quæ præcepisti nobis, faciemus: et quocumque miseris, ibimus.
{1:16} And they responded to Joshua, and they said: “All that you have instructed to us, we shall do. And wherever you will send us, we shall go.
{1:17} Sicut obedivimus in cunctis Moysi, ita obediemus et tibi: tantum sit Dominus Deus tuus tecum, sicut fuit cum Moyse.
{1:17} Just as we obeyed Moses in all things, so shall we obey you also. But may the Lord your God be with you, just as he was with Moses.
{1:18} Qui contradixerit ori tuo, et non obedierit cunctis sermonibus, quos præceperis ei, moriatur. Tu tantum confortare, et viriliter age.
{1:18} Whoever will contradict your mouth, and whoever will not obey all of your words, which you will instruct to him, let him die. But may you be strengthened, and may you act manfully.”
{2:1} Misit igitur Iosue filius Nun de Setim duos viros exploratores in abscondito: et dixit eis: Ite, et considerate Terram, urbemque Iericho. Qui pergentes ingressi sunt domum mulieris meretricis, nomine Rahab, et quieverunt apud eam.
{2:1} And so Joshua, the son of Nun, sent two men from Shittim to explore in secret. And he said to them, “Go and consider the land and the city of Jericho.” And while traveling, they entered into the house of a harlot woman named Rahab, and they rested with her.
{2:2} Nunciatumque est regi Iericho, et dictum: Ecce viri ingressi sunt huc per noctem de filiis Israel, ut explorarent Terram.
{2:2} And it was reported to the king of Jericho, and it was said: “Behold, men have entered to this place in the night, from the sons of Israel, so that they might explore the land.”
{2:3} Misitque rex Iericho ad Rahab dicens: Educ viros, qui venerunt ad te, et ingressi sunt domum tuam: exploratores quippe sunt, et omnem Terram considerare venerunt.
{2:3} And the king of Jericho sent to Rahab, saying: “Bring out the men who came to you, and who entered into your house. For certainly they are spies, and they have arrived to consider the entire land.”
{2:4} Tollensque mulier viros, abscondit, et ait: Fateor, venerunt ad me, sed nesciebam unde essent:
{2:4} And the woman, taking the men, hid them. And she said: “I admit that they came to me, but I did not know where they were from.
{2:5} cumque porta clauderetur in tenebris, et illi pariter exierunt, nescio quo abierunt: persequimini cito, et comprehendetis eos.
{2:5} And when the gate was closed, they went out together in the darkness. I do not know where they have gone. Pursue them quickly, and you will overtake them.”
~ Rahab lied, and this was a sin; for lying is intrinsically evil, always immoral, and never justifiable. But it was not a mortal sin, and the virtuous act of risking her life for the sake of those men won her a reward with the Lord.
{2:6} Ipsa autem fecit ascendere viros in solarium domus suæ, operuitque eos stipula lini, quæ ibi erat.
{2:6} But she caused the men to ascend to the roof of her house, and she covered them with the stalks of flax that were there.
{2:7} Hi autem, qui missi fuerant, secuti sunt eos per viam, quæ ducit ad vadum Iordanis: illisque egressis statim porta clausa est.
{2:7} But those who had been sent pursued after them along the way that leads to the ford of the Jordan. And as soon as they went out, the gate was closed.
{2:8} Necdum obdormierant qui latebant, et ecce mulier ascendit ad eos, et ait:
{2:8} Those who were hiding had not yet fallen asleep, and behold, the woman went up to them, and she said:
{2:9} Novi quod Dominus tradiderit vobis Terram: etenim irruit in nos terror vester, et elanguerunt omnes habitatores Terræ.
{2:9} “I know that the Lord has given this land to you. For the terror of you has fallen upon us, and all the inhabitants of the land have languished.
{2:10} Audivimus quod siccaverit Dominus aquas Maris Rubri ad vestrum introitum, quando egressi estis ex Ægypto: et quæ feceritis duobus Amorrhæorum regibus, qui erant trans Iordanem: Sehon et Og, quos interfecistis.
{2:10} We have heard that the Lord dried up the water of the Red Sea upon your arrival, when you were departing from Egypt, and we heard of the things that you did to the two kings of the Amorites, who were beyond the Jordan, Sihon and Og, whom you put to death.
{2:11} Et hæc audientes pertimuimus, et elanguit cor nostrum, nec remansit in nobis spiritus ad introitum vestrum: Dominus enim Deus vester ipse est Deus in cælo sursum, et in terra deorsum.
{2:11} And upon hearing these things, we were very afraid, and our heart languished. Neither did there remain in us any spirit at your arrival. For the Lord your God is the very God in heaven above and on earth below.
{2:12} Nunc ergo iurate mihi per Dominum, ut quomodo ego misericordiam feci vobiscum, ita et vos faciatis cum domo patris mei: detisque mihi verum signum,
{2:12} Now, therefore, swear to me by the Lord that in the same way that I have acted with mercy toward you, so also shall you act toward the house of my father. And may you give me a true sign
{2:13} ut salvetis patrem meum et matrem, et fratres ac sorores meas, et omnia quæ illorum sunt, et eruatis animas nostras a morte.
{2:13} that you will save my father and mother, my brothers and sisters, and all that is theirs, and that you may rescue our souls from death.”
{2:14} Qui responderunt ei: Anima nostra sit pro vobis in mortem, si tamen non prodideris nos. Cumque tradiderit nobis Dominus terram, faciemus in te misericordiam et veritatem.
{2:14} They responded to her: “May our lives be yours unto death, if only you do not betray us. And when the Lord will have delivered the land to us, we will act toward you with mercy and truth.”
{2:15} Demisit ergo eos per funem de fenestra: domus enim eius hærebat muro.
{2:15} Therefore, she sent them down from a window with a rope. For her house was joined to the wall.
{2:16} Dixitque ad eos: Ad montana conscendite, ne forte occurrant vobis revertentes: ibique latitate tribus diebus, donec redeant, et sic ibitis per viam vestram.
{2:16} And she said to them: “Climb up to the mountains; otherwise, they may meet you as they are returning. And lay hidden there for three days, until they return. And then you will go on your way.”
{2:17} Qui dixerunt ad eam: Innoxii erimus a iuramento hoc, quo adiurasti nos:
{2:17} And they said to her: “We shall be innocent of this oath, to which you have sworn us,
{2:18} si ingredientibus nobis Terram, signum fuerit funiculus iste coccineus, et ligaveris eum in fenestra, per quam demisisti nos: et patrem tuum ac matrem, fratresque et omnem cognationem tuam congregaveris in domum tuam.
{2:18} if, when we enter into the land, this scarlet cord has been placed as a sign, and you have tied it at the window by which you let us down. And so, gather your father, and mother, and brothers, and all your family into your house.
{2:19} Qui ostium domus tuæ egressus fuerit, sanguis ipsius erit in caput eius, et nos erimus alieni. Cunctorum autem sanguis, qui tecum in domo fuerint, redundabit in caput nostrum, si eos aliquis tetigerit.
{2:19} Whoever will have exited from the door of your house, his blood will be on his own head, and we will be uninvolved. But the blood of all who will be with you in the house shall fall back upon our own head, if anyone touches them.
{2:20} Quod si nos prodere volueris, et sermonem istum proferre in medium, erimus mundi ab hoc iuramento, quo adiurasti nos.
{2:20} But if you will have betrayed us, so that you spread this word in their midst, we will be free from this oath, to which you have sworn us.”
{2:21} Et illa respondit: Sicut locuti estis, ita fiat. Dimittensque eos ut pergerent, appendit funiculum coccineum in fenestra.
{2:21} And she responded, “Just as you have spoken, so let it be done.” And sending them to travel on, she hung the scarlet cord at the window.
{2:22} Illi vero ambulantes pervenerunt ad montana, et manserunt ibi tres dies, donec reverterentur qui fuerant persecuti: quærentes enim per omnem viam, non repererunt eos.
{2:22} And truly, walking on, they arrived at the mountains, and they stayed there for three days, until those who had been pursuing them returned. For having sought them along the entire way, they did not find them.
{2:23} Quibus urbem ingressis, reversi sunt, et descenderunt exploratores de monte: et, transmisso Iordane, venerunt ad Iosue filium Nun, narraveruntque ei omnia quæ acciderant sibi,
{2:23} And when they returned and entered the city, the explorers descended from the mountain. And crossing the Jordan, they went to Joshua, the son of Nun, and they reported to him all that had happened to them.
{2:24} atque dixerunt: Tradidit Dominus omnem terram hanc in manus nostras, et timore prostrati sunt cuncti habitatores eius.
{2:24} And they said, “The Lord has delivered this entire land into our hands, and all its inhabitants have been struck down by fear.”
{3:1} Igitur Iosue de nocte consurgens movit castra: egredientesque de Setim, venerunt ad Iordanem ipse, et omnes filii Israel, et morati sunt ibi tres dies.
{3:1} And so, Joshua arose in the night, and he moved the camp. And they departed from Shittim, and they went to the Jordan: he, and all the sons of Israel, and they remained there for three days.
{3:2} Quibus evolutis, transierunt præcones per castrorum medium,
{3:2} After these things unfolded, announcers passed through the midst of the camp,
{3:3} et clamare cœperunt: Quando videritis arcam fœderis Domini Dei vestri, et sacerdotes stirpis Leviticæ portantes eam, vos quoque consurgite, et sequimini præcedentes:
{3:3} and they began to proclaim: “When you will see the ark of the covenant of the Lord your God, and the priests of the stock of Levi carrying it, you also shall rise up and follow those who are going before you.
{3:4} sitque inter vos et arcam spatium cubitorum duum millium: ut procul videre possitis, et nosse per quam viam ingrediamini: quia prius non ambulastis per eam: et cavete ne appropinquetis ad arcam.
{3:4} And let there be, between you and the ark, the space of two thousand cubits, so that you may be able to see it from far away, and to know along which way you should advance. For you have not walked this way before. And be careful that you do not approach the ark.”
{3:5} Dixitque Iosue ad populum: Sanctificamini: cras enim faciet Dominus inter vos mirabilia.
{3:5} And Joshua said to the people: “Be sanctified. For tomorrow the Lord will accomplish miracles among you.”
{3:6} Et ait ad sacerdotes: Tollite arcam fœderis, et præcedite populum. Qui iussa complentes, tulerunt, et ambulaverunt ante eos.
{3:6} And he said to the priests: “Take up the ark of the covenant, and go before the people.” And they fulfilled the orders, and they took it and walked before them.
{3:7} Dixitque Dominus ad Iosue: Hodie incipiam exaltare te coram omni Israel: ut sciant quod sicut cum Moyse fui, ita et tecum sim.
{3:7} And the Lord said to Joshua: “Today I will begin to exalt you in the sight of all Israel, so that they may know that, just as I was with Moses, so also am I with you.
{3:8} Tu autem præcipe sacerdotibus, qui portant arcam fœderis, et dic eis: Cum ingressi fueritis partem aquæ Iordanis, state in ea.
{3:8} Now instruct the priests, who are carrying the ark of the covenant, and say to them, ‘When you will have entered into a part of the water of the Jordan, stand still in it.’ ”
{3:9} Dixitque Iosue ad filios Israel: Accedite huc, et audite verbum Domini Dei vestri.
{3:9} And Joshua said to the sons of Israel, “Approach to here, and listen to the word of the Lord your God.”
{3:10} Et rursum: In hoc, inquit, scietis quod Dominus Deus vivens in medio vestri est, et disperdet in conspectu vestro Chananæum et Hethæum, Hevæum et Pherezæum, Gergesæum quoque et Iebusæum, et Amorrhæum.
{3:10} And again, he said: “By this shall you know that the Lord, the living God, is in your midst, and that he shall scatter in your sight, the Canaanite and the Hittite, the Hivite and the Perizzite, likewise the Girgashite, and the Jebusite, and the Amorite.
~ These are the seven tribes whom God preordained and ordered to be destroyed by the Israelites. They were destroyed because of their many serious sins, and their false worship of pagan gods.
{3:11} Ecce, arca fœderis Domini omnis terræ antecedet vos per Iordanem.
{3:11} Behold, the ark of the covenant of the Lord of all the earth shall go before you through the Jordan.
{3:12} Parate duodecim viros de tribubus Israel, singulos per singulas tribus.
{3:12} Prepare twelve men from the tribes of Israel, one from each tribe.
{3:13} Et cum posuerint vestigia pedum suorum sacerdotes qui portant arcam Domini Dei universæ terræ in aquis Iordanis, aquæ, quæ inferiores sunt, decurrent atque deficient: quæ autem desuper veniunt, in una mole consistent.
{3:13} And when the priests who are carrying the ark of the Lord, the God of the entire earth, will have placed the steps of their feet in the waters of the Jordan, the waters that are lower will run down and pass away, and those that are approaching above will stand together in a mass.”
{3:14} Igitur egressus est populus de tabernaculis suis, ut transiret Iordanem: et sacerdotes, qui portabant arcam fœderis, pergebant ante eum.
{3:14} And the people departed from their tents, so that they might cross the Jordan. And the priests who were carrying the ark of the covenant were advancing before them.
{3:15} Ingressisque eis Iordanem, et pedibus eorum in parte aquæ tinctis (Iordanis autem ripas alvei sui tempore messis impleverat)
{3:15} And as soon as they entered into the Jordan, and their feet were dipped in a portion of the water, (now the Jordan, since it was the time of the harvest, had filled the banks of its channel,)
{3:16} steterunt aquæ descendentes in loco uno, et ad instar montis intumescentes apparebant procul ab urbe, quæ vocatur Adom usque ad locum Sarthan: quæ autem inferiores erant, in Mare Solitudinis (quod nunc vocatur Mortuum) descenderunt, usquequo omnino deficerent.
{3:16} the descending waters stood still in one place, and, swelling up like a mountain, they were seen from far away, from the city that is called Adam, even as far as the place of Zarethan. But those that were lower ran down into the Sea of the Wilderness, (which is now called the Dead Sea,) until they entirely passed away.
{3:17} Populus autem incedebat contra Iericho: et sacerdotes qui portabant arcam fœderis Domini, stabant super siccam humum in medio Iordanis accincti, omnisque populus per arentem alveum transibat.
{3:17} Then the people advanced opposite Jericho. And the priests who were carrying the ark of the covenant of the Lord were standing, fully-dressed, upon dry soil in the midst of the Jordan, and all the people passed over, through the channel that was dried up.
~ The word ‘accincti’ means girded or wrapped, referring to someone who is fully-dressed, or well-equipped. In this context, the word points out that the men did not need to change their manner of dress in order to cross the Jordan, since a dry path was made by a miracle of God.
{4:1} Quibus transgressis, dixit Dominus ad Iosue:
{4:1} And when they had crossed over, the Lord said to Joshua:
{4:2} Elige duodecim viros singulos per singulas tribus:
{4:2} “Choose twelve men, one from each tribe,
{4:3} et præcipe eis ut tollant de medio Iordanis alveo, ubi steterunt pedes sacerdotum, duodecim durissimos lapides, quos ponetis in loco castrorum, ubi fixeritis hac nocte tentoria.
{4:3} and instruct them so that they may take from the midst of the channel of the Jordan, where the feet of the priests stood still, twelve very hard stones, which you shall station in the place of the camp, where you will pitch your tents this night.”
{4:4} Vocavitque Iosue duodecim viros, quos elegerat de filiis Israel, singulos de singulis tribubus,
{4:4} And Joshua called twelve men, whom he had chosen from the sons of Israel, one from each tribe,
{4:5} et ait ad eos: Ite ante arcam Domini Dei vestri ad Iordanis medium, et portate inde singuli singulos lapides in humeris vestris, iuxta numerum filiorum Israel,
{4:5} and he said to them: “Go before the ark of the Lord your God into the middle of the Jordan, and let each one carry from there one stone on your shoulders, according to the number of the sons of Israel,
{4:6} ut sit signum inter vos: et quando interrogaverint vos filii vestri cras, dicentes: Quid sibi volunt isti lapides?
{4:6} so that it may be a sign among you. And when your sons will ask you, tomorrow, saying, ‘What do these stones mean to you?’
{4:7} Respondebitis eis: Defecerunt aquæ Iordanis ante arcam fœderis Domini, cum transiret eum: idcirco positi sunt lapides isti in monimentum filiorum Israel usque in æternum.
{4:7} you shall respond to them: ‘The waters of the Jordan failed before the ark of the covenant of the Lord, when the ark crossed over it. For this reason, these stones were placed as a monument for the sons of Israel, even forever.’ ”
{4:8} Fecerunt ergo filii Israel sicut præcepit eis Iosue, portantes de medio Iordanis alveo duodecim lapides, ut Dominus ei imperarat, iuxta numerum filiorum Israel, usque ad locum, in quo castrametati sunt, ibique posuerunt eos.
{4:8} Therefore, the sons of Israel did as Joshua instructed them, carrying twelve stones from the midst of the channel of the Jordan, just as the Lord had ordered him, according to the number of the sons of Israel, as far as the place where they made camp, and there they stationed them.
{4:9} Alios quoque duodecim lapides posuit Iosue in medio Iordanis alveo, ubi steterunt sacerdotes, qui portabant arcam fœderis: et sunt ibi usque in præsentem diem.
{4:9} Similarly, Joshua positioned another twelve stones in the middle of the channel of the Jordan, where the priests stood who were carrying the ark of the covenant; and they are there, even to the present day.
{4:10} Sacerdotes autem, qui portabant arcam, stabant in Iordanis medio, donec omnia complerentur, quæ Iosue, ut loqueretur ad populum, præceperat Dominus, et dixerat ei Moyses. Festinavitque populus, et transiit.
{4:10} Now the priests who were carrying the ark stood in the midst of the Jordan, until everything was accomplished which the Lord had instructed Joshua to speak to the people and which Moses had said to him. And the people hurried, and they passed over.
{4:11} Cumque transissent omnes, transivit et arca Domini, sacerdotesque pergebant ante populum.
{4:11} And when they had all crossed, the ark of the Lord also crossed, and the priests advanced before the people.
{4:12} Filii quoque Ruben, et Gad, et dimidia tribus Manasse, armati præcedebant filios Israel, sicut eis præceperat Moyses:
{4:12} Likewise, the sons of Reuben, and of Gad, and of the one half tribe of Manasseh advanced with weapons before the sons of Israel, just as Moses had instructed them.
{4:13} et quadraginta pugnatorum millia per turmas, et cuneos, incedebant per plana atque campestria urbis Iericho.
{4:13} And forty thousand fighters, by companies and divisions, advanced through the plains and fields of the city of Jericho.
{4:14} In die illo magnificavit Dominus Iosue coram omni Israel, ut timerent eum, sicut timuerant Moysen, dum adviveret.
{4:14} In that day, the Lord magnified Joshua in the sight of all Israel, so that they would fear him, just as they had feared Moses while he lived.
{4:15} Dixitque ad eum:
{4:15} And he said to him,
{4:16} Præcipe sacerdotibus, qui portant arcam fœderis, ut ascendant de Iordane.
{4:16} “Command the priests who are carrying the ark of the covenant to ascend from the Jordan.”
{4:17} Qui præcepit eis, dicens: Ascendite de Iordane.
{4:17} And he commanded them, saying, “Ascend from the Jordan.”
{4:18} Cumque ascendissent portantes arcam fœderis Domini, et siccam humum calcare cœpissent, reversæ sunt aquæ in alveum suum, et fluebant sicut ante consueverant.
{4:18} And when those who were carrying the ark of the covenant of the Lord had ascended, and they began to step on dry soil, the waters returned to their channel, and they flowed as they usually did before.
{4:19} Populus autem ascendit de Iordane, decimo die mensis primi, et castrametati sunt in Galgalis contra Orientalem plagam urbis Iericho.
{4:19} Now the people ascended from the Jordan on the tenth day of the first month, and they encamped at Gilgal, opposite the eastern portion of the city of Jericho.
{4:20} Duodecim quoque lapides, quos de Iordanis alveo sumpserant, posuit Iosue in Galgalis,
{4:20} Likewise, the twelve stones that they had taken up from the channel of the Jordan, Joshua stationed at Gilgal.
{4:21} et dixit ad filios Israel: Quando interrogaverint filii vestri cras patres suos, et dixerint eis: Quid sibi volunt lapides isti?
{4:21} And he said to the sons of Israel: “When your sons will question their fathers, tomorrow, and they will say to them, ‘What do these stones mean to you?’
{4:22} Docebitis eos, atque dicetis: Per arentem alveum transivit Israel Iordanem istum,
{4:22} you shall teach them, and you shall say: ‘Israel passed over this Jordan, through the dry channel.’
{4:23} siccante Domino Deo vestro aquas eius in conspectu vestro, donec transiretis:
{4:23} For the Lord your God dried up its waters in your sight, until you crossed over,
{4:24} sicut fecerat prius in Mari Rubro, quod siccavit donec transiremus:
{4:24} just as he had done before, at the Red Sea, which he dried up until we crossed over.
{4:25} ut discant omnes terrarum populi fortissimam Domini manum, ut et vos timeatis Dominum Deum vestrum omni tempore.
{4:25} So may all the peoples of the earth learn of the very powerful hand of the Lord. So may you also fear the Lord your God for all time.”
{5:1} Postquam ergo audierunt omnes reges Amorrhæorum, qui habitabant trans Iordanem ad Occidentalem plagam, et cuncti reges Chanaan, qui propinqua possidebant magni maris loca, quod siccasset Dominus fluenta Iordanis coram filiis Israel donec transirent, dissolutum est cor eorum, et non remansit in eis spiritus, timentium introitum filiorum Israel.
{5:1} Therefore, after all the kings of the Amorites, who were living across the Jordan toward the western region, and all the kings of Canaan, who possessed the places beside the great sea, had heard that the Lord had dried up the waters of the Jordan before the sons of Israel, until they crossed over it, their heart was broken, and there remained in them no spirit, out of fear at the entrance of the sons of Israel.
{5:2} Eo tempore ait Dominus ad Iosue: Fac tibi cultros lapideos, et circumcide secundo filios Israel.
{5:2} So at that time, the Lord said to Joshua: “Make for yourself knives of stone, and circumcise the sons of Israel a second time.”
{5:3} Fecit quod iusserat Dominus, et circumcidit filios Israel in colle præputiorum.
{5:3} He did what the Lord had commanded, and he circumcised the sons of Israel at the hill of the foreskins.
{5:4} Hæc autem causa est secundæ circumcisionis: Omnis populus, qui egressus est de Ægypto generis masculini, universi bellatores viri, mortui sunt in deserto per longissimos viæ circuitus,
{5:4} Now this is the reason for the second circumcision: All the people who departed from Egypt of the male gender, all the men fit for war, died in the desert during the very long wandering way;
{5:5} qui omnes circumcisi erant. Populus autem qui natus est in deserto,
{5:5} all these had been circumcised. But the people who were born in the desert,
{5:6} per quadraginta annos itineris latissimæ solitudinis incircumcisus fuit: donec consumerentur qui non audierant vocem Domini, et quibus ante iuraverat ut non ostenderet eis terram lacte et melle manantem.
{5:6} throughout the forty years of the journey in the very broad wilderness, were uncircumcised, until the ones who had not listened to the voice of the Lord were consumed. For he had sworn to them before, that he would not reveal to them the land flowing with milk and honey.
{5:7} Horum filii in locum successerunt patrum, et circumcisi sunt a Iosue: quia sicut nati fuerant, in præputio erant, nec eos in via aliquis circumciderat.
{5:7} The sons of these ones succeeded to the place of their fathers, and they were circumcised by Joshua. For they were uncircumcised, just as they had been born, and no one had circumcised them along the way.
{5:8} Postquam autem omnes circumcisi sunt, manserunt in eodem castrorum loco, donec sanarentur.
{5:8} Then, after they were all circumcised, they remained in the same place of the camp until they were healed.
{5:9} Dixitque Dominus ad Iosue: Hodie abstuli opprobrium Ægypti a vobis. Vocatumque est nomen loci illius Galgala, usque in præsentem diem.
{5:9} And the Lord said to Joshua, “Today I have taken away from you the disgrace of Egypt.” And the name of that place was called Gilgal, even to the present day.
{5:10} Manseruntque filii Israel in Galgalis, et fecerunt Phase, quartadecima die mensis ad vesperum in campestribus Iericho:
{5:10} And the sons of Israel stayed at Gilgal, and they kept the Passover, on the fourteenth day of the month at evening, in the plains of Jericho.
{5:11} et comederunt de frugibus Terræ die altero, azymos panes, et polentam eiusdem anni.
{5:11} And on the following day, they ate unleavened bread from the grain of the land, and cooked grain, of the same year.
~ The ‘polentam’ is grain cooked and eaten as grain, i.e. not ground into flour and made into bread. The text says that it was grain of the same year, meaning that this was grain harvested that sacred calendar year (the first month of which is called Nisan, in the springtime). The Passover celebration includes an offering to God of the first cut grain from the grain fields. The grain cannot be eaten until after it is offered to God.
{5:12} Defecitque manna postquam comederunt de frugibus Terræ, nec usi sunt ultra cibo illo filii Israel, sed comederunt de frugibus præsentis anni Terræ Chanaan.
{5:12} And the manna ceased after they ate from the grain of the land. And the sons of Israel no longer made use of that food. Instead, they ate from the grain of the present year, from the land of Canaan.
{5:13} Cum autem esset Iosue in agro urbis Iericho, levavit oculos, et vidit virum stantem contra se, evaginatum tenentem gladium, perrexitque ad eum, et ait: Noster es, an adversariorum?
{5:13} And when Joshua was in the field of the city of Jericho, he lifted up his eyes, and he saw a man standing opposite him, holding a drawn sword. And he went to him and said, “Are you one of ours, or one of our adversaries?”
{5:14} Qui respondit: Nequaquam: sed sum princeps exercitus Domini, et nunc venio.
{5:14} And he responded: “Not at all. Instead, I am a prince of the host of the Lord, and now I have arrived.”
{5:15} Cecidit Iosue pronus in terram. Et adorans ait: Quid dominus meus loquitur ad servum suum?
{5:15} Joshua fell prone on the ground. And reverencing, he said, “What does my lord say to his servant?”
{5:16} Solve, inquit, calceamentum tuum de pedibus tuis: locus enim, in quo stas, sanctus est. Fecitque Iosue ut sibi fuerat imperatum.
{5:16} He said: “Remove your shoes from your feet. For the place on which you stand is holy.” And Joshua did just as he had been commanded.
{6:1} Iericho autem clausa erat atque munita, timore filiorum Israel, et nullus egredi audebat aut ingredi.
{6:1} Now Jericho was closed as well as fortified, out of fear of the sons of Israel, and no one dared to depart or to enter.
{6:2} Dixitque Dominus ad Iosue: Ecce dedi in manu tua Iericho, et regem eius, omnesque fortes viros.
{6:2} And the Lord said to Joshua: “Behold, I have given Jericho into your hand, with its king and all the strong men.
{6:3} Circuite urbem cuncti bellatores semel per diem: sic facietis sex diebus.
{6:3} Have all the warriors circle the city once each day; you shall do so for six days.
{6:4} Septimo autem die sacerdotes tollant septem buccinas, quarum usus est in iubilæo, et præcedant arcam fœderis: septiesque circuibitis civitatem, et sacerdotes clangent buccinis.
{6:4} Then, on the seventh day, the priests shall take the seven trumpets, which are used on the jubilee, and they shall precede the ark of the covenant. And you shall circle the city seven times, and the priests shall sound the trumpets.
{6:5} Cumque insonuerit vox tubæ longior atque concisior, et in auribus vestris increpuerit, conclamabit omnis populus vociferatione maxima, et muri funditus corruent civitatis, ingredienturque singuli per locum contra quem steterint.
{6:5} And when the voice of the trumpet sounds longer and with interruptions, and it increases in your ears, then all the people shall cry out together with a very great shout, and the walls of the city shall fall to the foundation, and they shall enter it, each from a place opposite where they are standing.”
{6:6} Vocavit ergo Iosue filius Nun sacerdotes, et dixit ad eos: Tollite arcam fœderis: et septem alii sacerdotes tollant septem iubilæorum buccinas, et incedant ante arcam Domini.
{6:6} Then Joshua, the son of Nun, called the priests, and he said to them, “Take the ark of the covenant, and let seven other priests take the seven trumpets of the jubilee, and advance before the ark of the Lord.”
{6:7} Ad populum quoque ait: Ite, et circuite civitatem, armati, præcedentes arcam Domini.
{6:7} He also said to the people, “Go, and circle the city, armed, preceding the ark of the Lord.”
{6:8} Cumque Iosue verba finisset, et septem sacerdotes septem buccinis clangerent ante arcam fœderis Domini,
{6:8} And when Joshua had finished his words, and the seven priests sounded the seven trumpets before the ark of the covenant of the Lord,
{6:9} omnisque præcederet armatus exercitus, reliquum vulgus arcam sequebatur, ac buccinis omnia concrepabant.
{6:9} and all the armed soldiers went ahead, the remainder of the common people followed the ark, and the sound of the trumpets grew louder everywhere.
{6:10} Præceperat autem Iosue populo, dicens: Non clamabitis, nec audietur vox vestra, neque ullus sermo ex ore vestro egredietur: donec veniat dies in quo dicam vobis: Clamate, et vociferamini.
{6:10} But Joshua had instructed the people, saying, “You shall not cry out, nor shall your voice be heard, and no word at all shall proceed from your mouth, until the day arrives on which I will say to you, ‘Cry out, and shout.’ ”
{6:11} Circuivit ergo arca Domini civitatem semel per diem, et reversa in castra, mansit ibi.
{6:11} Thus, the ark of the Lord circled the city once each day, and returning to the camp, it remained there.
{6:12} Igitur Iosue de nocte consurgente, tulerunt sacerdotes arcam Domini,
{6:12} And so, with Joshua, arising in the night, the priests took the ark of the Lord,
{6:13} et septem ex eis septem buccinas, quarum in iubileo usus est: præcedebantque arcam Domini ambulantes atque clangentes: et armatus populus ibat ante eos, vulgus autem reliquum sequebatur arcam, et buccinis personabat.
{6:13} and seven of them took the seven trumpets, which are used in the jubilee, and they preceded the ark of the Lord, walking and sounding the trumpets. And the armed men went before them, and the remainder of the common people followed the ark, and they were blaring the trumpets.
{6:14} Circuieruntque civitatem secundo die semel, et reversi sunt in castra. Sic fecerunt sex diebus.
{6:14} And they circled the city on the second day, once, and they returned to the camp. They did so for six days.
{6:15} Dies autem septimo, diluculo consurgentes, circuierunt urbem, sicut dispositum erat, septies.
{6:15} Then, on the seventh day, rising at first light, they circled the city, just as had been ordered, seven times.
{6:16} Cumque septimo circuitu clangerent buccinis sacerdotes, dixit Iosue ad omnem Israel: Vociferamini: tradidit enim vobis Dominus civitatem:
{6:16} And at the seventh circling, when the priests sounded the trumpets, Joshua said to all of Israel: “Shout! For the Lord has delivered the city to you.
{6:17} sitque civitas hæc anathema: et omnia quæ in ea sunt, Domino. Sola Rahab meretrix vivat cum universis, qui cum ea in domo sunt: abscondit enim nuncios quos direximus.
{6:17} And let this city be anathema, with all the things that are within it, before the Lord. May only Rahab the harlot live, with all who are with her in the house. For she hid the messengers whom we sent.
{6:18} Vos autem cavete ne de his, quæ præcepta sunt, quippiam contingatis, et sitis prævaricationis rei, et omnia castra Israel sub peccato sint atque turbentur.
{6:18} But you must be careful that you do not touch any of those things, as you have been instructed, for then you would be guilty of transgression, and all the camp of Israel would be under sin and would be troubled.
{6:19} Quidquid autem auri et argenti fuerit, et vasorum æneorum ac ferri, Domino consecretur, repositum in thesauris eius.
{6:19} But whatever gold and silver there will be, and vessels of brass or of iron, let these be consecrated to the Lord and be stored in his treasuries.”
{6:20} Igitur omni populo vociferante, et clangentibus tubis, postquam in aures multitudinis vox sonitusque increpuit, muri illico corruerunt: et ascendit unusquisque per locum, qui contra se erat: ceperuntque civitatem,
{6:20} Therefore, with all the people shouting, and the trumpets blaring, after the voice and the sound increased in the ears of the multitude, the walls promptly fell to ruin. And each one climbed up at the place which was opposite where he was. And they seized the city.
{6:21} et interfecerunt omnia quæ erant in ea, a viro usque ad mulierem, ab infante usque ad senem. Boves quoque et oves et asinos in ore gladii percusserunt.
{6:21} And they put to death all who were in it, from man even to woman, from infant even to elder. Likewise, the oxen and sheep and donkeys, they struck down with the edge of the sword.
{6:22} Duobus autem viris, qui exploratores missi fuerant, dixit Iosue: Ingredimini domum mulieris meretricis, et producite eam, et omnia quæ illius sunt, sicut illi iuramento firmastis.
{6:22} But Joshua said to the two men who had been sent to explore, “Enter the house of the harlot woman, and bring her out, and all the things that are hers, just as you assured her by oath.”
{6:23} Ingressique iuvenes, eduxerunt Rahab, et parentes eius, fratres quoque, et cunctam supellectilem ac cognationem illius, et extra castra Israel manere fecerunt.
{6:23} And the youths entered, and they led out Rahab, and her parents, also her brothers, and all her goods and kindred, and they caused them to dwell outside the camp.
{6:24} Urbem autem, et omnia, quæ erant in ea, succenderunt; absque auro et argento, et vasis æneis, ac ferro, quæ in ærarium Domini consecrarunt.
{6:24} Then they set fire to the city and all the things that were within it, except the gold and silver, and the vessels of brass or of iron, which they consecrated into the treasury of the Lord.
~ The word ‘aerarium’ refers to a particular type of storehouse or treasury, specifically for precious metals and coins and the like.
{6:25} Rahab vero meretricem, et domum patris eius, et omnia quæ habebat, fecit Iosue vivere, et habitaverunt in medio Israel usque in præsentem diem: eo quod absconderit nuncios, quos miserat ut explorarent Iericho. In tempore illo, imprecatus est Iosue, dicens:
{6:25} Yet truly, Joshua caused Rahab the harlot, and her father’s household, and all she had, to survive. And they lived in the midst of Israel, even to the present day. For she hid the messengers, whom he had sent to explore Jericho. At that time, Joshua made an invocation, saying:
{6:26} Maledictus vir coram Domino, qui suscitaverit et ædificaverit civitatem Iericho. In primogenito suo fundamenta illius iaciat, et in novissimo liberorum ponat portas eius.
{6:26} “Cursed before the Lord is the man who will raise up and rebuild the city of Jericho! With his firstborn, may he lay its foundation, and with the last of his children, may he set up its gates.”
~ The eschatological meaning here is that Jericho will be rebuilt, and that it will be a cursed and ill-fated city, perhaps related to events during the end times.
{6:27} Fuit ergo Dominus cum Iosue, et nomen eius vulgatum est in omni terra.
{6:27} And so the Lord was with Joshua, and his name was made known throughout all the land.
{7:1} Filii autem Israel prævaricati sunt mandatum, et usurpaverunt de anathemate. Nam Achan filius Charmi, filii Zabdi, filii Zare de tribu Iuda, tulit aliquid de anathemate: iratusque est Dominus contra filios Israel.
{7:1} But the sons of Israel transgressed the commandment, and they usurped what was anathema. For Achan, the son of Carmi, the son of Zabdi, the son of Zerah, from the tribe of Judah, took something from what was anathema. And the Lord became angry against the sons of Israel.
{7:2} Cumque mitteret Iosue de Iericho viros contra Hai, quæ est iuxta Bethaven, ad Orientalem plagam oppidi Bethel, dixit eis: Ascendite, et explorate Terram. Qui præcepta complentes exploraverunt Hai.
{7:2} And when Joshua sent men from Jericho against Ai, which is beside Bethaven, toward the eastern region of the town of Bethel, he said to them, “Go up and explore the land.” And they fulfilled his instruction, and they explored Ai.
{7:3} Et reversi dixerunt ei: Non ascendat omnis populus, sed duo vel tria millia virorum pergant, et deleant civitatem: quare omnis populus frustra vexabitur contra hostes paucissimos?
{7:3} And returning, they said to him: “Let not the entire people go up. Instead, let two or three thousand men go out and destroy the city. Why should all the people be troubled without cause against enemies that are so very few?”
{7:4} Ascenderunt ergo tria millia pugnatorum. Qui statim terga vertentes,
{7:4} Therefore, they went up with three thousand fighters. And they promptly turned their backs,
{7:5} percussi sunt a viris urbis Hai, et corruerunt ex eis triginta sex homines: persecutique sunt eos adversarii de porta usque ad Sabarim, et ceciderunt per prona fugientes: pertimuitque cor populi, et instar aquæ liquefactum est.
{7:5} and were struck down by the men of the city of Ai. And thirty-six men of them fell. And the adversaries pursued them from the gate, even as far as Shebarim. And they felled them as they were fleeing downward. And the heart of the people was struck with fear, and it melted like water.
{7:6} Iosue vero scidit vestimenta sua, et pronus cecidit in terram coram arca Domini usque ad vesperam, tam ipse quam omnes senes Israel: miseruntque pulverem super capita sua,
{7:6} And truly, Joshua tore his garments, and he fell prone on the ground before the ark of the Lord, even until evening, both he and all the elders of Israel. And they cast dust upon their heads.
{7:7} et dixit Iosue: Heu Domine Deus, quid voluisti traducere populum istum Iordanem fluvium, ut traderes nos in manus Amorrhæi, et perderes? Utinam ut cœpimus, mansissemus trans Iordanem.
{7:7} And Joshua said: “Alas, O Lord God! Why would you want to lead this people over the river Jordan, so that you might deliver us into the hand of the Amorite and destroy us? I wish that we had remained beyond the Jordan, as when we began.
{7:8} Mi Domine Deus quid dicam, videns Israelem hostibus suis terga vertentem?
{7:8} My Lord God, what shall I say, seeing Israel turning their backs to their enemies?
{7:9} Audient Chananæi, et omnes habitatores Terræ, et pariter conglobati circumdabunt nos, atque delebunt nomen nostrum de terra: et quid facies magno nomini tuo?
{7:9} The Canaanites and all the inhabitants of the land will hear of it, and coming together as one, they will surround us, and they will wipe our name from the earth. And what will you do concerning your great name?”
{7:10} Dixitque Dominus ad Iosue: Surge, cur iaces pronus in terra?
{7:10} And the Lord said to Joshua: “Rise up. Why are you lying flat on the ground?
{7:11} Peccavit Israel, et prævaricatus est pactum meum: tuleruntque de anathemate, et furati sunt atque mentiti, et absconderunt inter vasa sua.
{7:11} Israel has sinned and transgressed my covenant. And they have taken from what is anathema. And they have stolen and lied, and they have hidden it among their goods.
{7:12} Nec poterit Israel stare ante hostes suos, eosque fugiet: quia pollutus est anathemate. Non ero ultra vobiscum, donec conteratis eum, qui huius sceleris reus est.
{7:12} Israel is not able to stand before his enemies, and he will flee from them. For he has been defiled by what is anathema. I will be no longer be with you, until you destroy him who is guilty of this wickedness.
{7:13} Surge, sanctifica populum, et dic eis: Sanctificamini in crastinum: hæc enim dicit Dominus Deus Israel: Anathema in medio tui est Israel: non poteris stare coram hostibus tuis, donec deleatur ex te qui hoc contaminatus est scelere.
{7:13} Rise up. Sanctify the people. And you shall say to them: ‘Be sanctified tomorrow. For thus says the Lord, the God of Israel: That which is anathema is in your midst, O Israel! You are not able to stand before your enemies, until he who has been contaminated by this wickedness is taken away from you.’
{7:14} Accedetisque mane singuli per tribus vestras: et quamcumque tribum sors invenerit, accedet per cognationes suas, et cognatio per domos, domusque per viros.
{7:14} And you shall draw near in the morning, each one by your tribes. And whichever tribe will be found by lot shall come forward by its families, and the families by houses, and the house by the men.
~ The casting of lots was used to determine which tribe, then which extended family, then which house, then which man was guilty of the crime.
{7:15} Et quicumque ille in hoc facinore fuerit deprehensus, comburetur igni cum omni substantia sua: quoniam prævaricatus est pactum Domini, et fecit nefas in Israel.
{7:15} And whoever he may be that will be found guilty of this deed, he shall be burnt with fire with all his substance. For he transgressed the covenant of the Lord, and he committed a wicked act in Israel.”
{7:16} Surgens itaque Iosue mane, applicuit Israel per tribus suas, et inventa est tribus Iuda.
{7:16} And so Joshua, rising in the morning, brought forth Israel by their tribes, and the tribe of Judah was found.
{7:17} Quæ cum iuxta familias suas esset oblata, inventa est familia Zare. Illam quoque per domos offerens, reperit Zabdi:
{7:17} And when its families had been presented, the family of Zerah was found. Likewise, bringing that one forward by the houses, he discovered Zabdi.
{7:18} cuius domum in singulos dividens viros, invenit Achan filium Charmi, filii Zabdi: filii Zare de tribu Iuda.
{7:18} And dividing his house by each man, he found Achan, the son of Carmi, the son of Zabdi, the son of Zerah, from the tribe of Judah.
{7:19} Et ait Iosue ad Achan: Fili mi, da gloriam Domino Deo Israel, et confitere, atque indica mihi quid feceris, ne abscondas.
{7:19} And Joshua said to Achan: “My son, give glory to the Lord, the God of Israel, and confess, and reveal to me what you have done. You may not conceal it.”
{7:20} Responditque Achan Iosue, et dixit ei: Vere ego peccavi Domino Deo Israel, et sic et sic feci.
{7:20} And Achan responded to Joshua, and he said to him: “Truly, I have sinned against the Lord, the God of Israel, and I have done one thing and another.
{7:21} Vidi enim inter spolia pallium coccineum valde bonum, et ducentos siclos argenti, regulamque auream quinquaginta siclorum: et concupiscens abstuli, et abscondi in terra contra medium tabernaculi mei, argentumque fossa humo operui.
{7:21} For I saw among the spoils a very fine scarlet cloak, and two hundred shekels of silver, and a gold bar of fifty shekels. And coveting these, I took and hid them in the ground near the middle of my tent, and I covered the silver with the soil that I had dug.”
{7:22} Misit ergo Iosue ministros: qui currentes ad tabernaculum illius, repererunt cuncta abscondita in eodem loco, et argentum simul.
{7:22} Therefore, Joshua sent ministers, who, running to his tent, discovered everything hidden in the same place, together with the silver.
{7:23} Auferentesque de tentorio tulerunt ea ad Iosue, et ad omnes filios Israel, proieceruntque ante Dominum.
{7:23} And taking these from the tent, they brought them to Joshua, and to all the sons of Israel, and they cast them down before the Lord.
{7:24} Tollens itaque Iosue Achan filium Zare, argentumque et pallium, et auream regulam, filios quoque et filias eius, boves et asinos, et oves, ipsumque tabernaculum, et cunctam supellectilem: (et omnis Israel cum eo) duxerunt eos ad Vallem Achor:
{7:24} And so Joshua took Achan, the son of Zerah, and the silver, and the cloak, and the gold bar, also his sons and daughters, the oxen and donkeys and sheep, and even the tent and all his goods, (and all of Israel went with him,) and he brought these to the valley of Achor.
{7:25} ubi dixit Iosue: Quia turbasti nos, exturbet te Dominus in die hac. Lapidavitque eum omnis Israel: et cuncta quæ illius erant, igne consumpta sunt.
{7:25} There, Joshua said: “Because you have troubled us, the Lord troubles you, on this day.” And all of Israel stoned him. And all the things that were his were consumed by fire.
{7:26} Congregaveruntque super eum acervum magnum lapidum, qui permanet usque in præsentem diem. Et aversus est furor Domini ab eis. Vocatumque est nomen loci illius, Vallis Achor, usque hodie.
{7:26} And they gathered upon him a great pile of stones, which remains even to the present day. And the fury of the Lord was averted from them. And the name of that place was called the Valley of Achor, even to this day.
{8:1} Dixit autem Dominus ad Iosue: Ne timeas, neque formides: tolle tecum omnem multitudinem pugnatorum, et consurgens ascende in oppidum Hai. Ecce tradidi in manu tua regem eius, et populum, urbemque et terram.
{8:1} Then the Lord said to Joshua: “You should not fear, and you should not dread. Take with you the entire multitude of fighters, and rising up, ascend to the town of Ai. Behold, I have delivered into your hand its king and people, and the city and the land.
{8:2} Faciesque urbi Hai, et regi eius, sicut fecisti Iericho, et regi illius: prædam vero, et omnia animantia diripietis vobis: pone insidias urbi post eam.
{8:2} And you shall do to the city of Ai, and to its king, just as you did to Jericho, and to its king. Yet truly, the spoils, and all the living things, you shall plunder for yourselves. Set an ambush against the city behind it.”
{8:3} Surrexitque Iosue, et omnis exercitus bellatorum cum eo, ut ascenderent in Hai: et electa triginta millia virorum fortium misit nocte,
{8:3} And Joshua rose up, and the entire army of warriors with him, so that they might ascend against Ai. And he sent thirty thousand elect strong men in the night.
{8:4} præcepitque eis, dicens: Ponite insidias post civitatem, nec longius recedatis: et eritis omnes parati.
{8:4} And he instructed them, saying: “Set an ambush behind the city. You shall withdraw not far away, and let everyone be prepared.
{8:5} Ego autem, et reliqua multitudo, quæ mecum est, accedemus ex adverso contra urbem. Cumque exierint contra nos, sicut ante fecimus, fugiemus, et terga vertemus:
{8:5} But I and the remainder of the multitude that is with me will approach from the opposite side of the city. And when they come out against us, we will flee and turn our backs, just as we did before,
{8:6} donec persequentes ab urbe longius protrahantur: putabunt enim nos fugere sicut prius.
{8:6} until, pursuing us, they are drawn away from the city. For they will think that we are fleeing as before.
{8:7} Nobis ergo fugientibus, et illis persequentibus, consurgetis de insidiis, et vastabitis civitatem: tradetque eam Dominus Deus vester in manus vestras.
{8:7} Then, while we are fleeing and they are pursuing, you shall rise up from the ambush, and you shall lay waste to the city. And the Lord your God will deliver it into your hands.
{8:8} Cumque ceperitis, succendite eam, et sic omnia facietis, ut iussi.
{8:8} And when you have seized it, set it on fire. And you shall do all that I have ordered.”
{8:9} Dimisitque eos, et perrexerunt ad locum insidiarum, sederuntque inter Bethel, et Hai, ad Occidentalem plagam urbis Hai: Iosue autem nocte illa in medio mansit populi,
{8:9} And he sent them away, and they traveled to the place of the ambush, and they settled between Bethel and Ai, toward the western region of the city of Ai. But Joshua remained for that night in the midst of the people.
{8:10} surgensque diluculo recensuit socios, et ascendit cum senioribus in fronte exercitus, vallatus auxilio pugnatorum.
{8:10} And rising at first light, he reviewed his troops, and he went up, with the elders at the front of the army, surrounded by an auxiliary of fighters.
~ The troops with Joshua are here called ‘socios’ to distinguish them from Joshua’s other troops, still waiting in the ambush.
{8:11} Cumque venissent, et ascendissent ex adverso civitatis, steterunt ad Septentrionalem urbis plagam, inter quam et eos erat vallis media.
{8:11} And when they had arrived, and had ascended from the opposite side of the city, they stood toward the northern region of the city. And there was a valley in the middle, between them and the city.
{8:12} Quinque autem millia viros elegerat, et posuerat in insidiis inter Bethel et Hai ex occidentali parte eiusdem civitatis:
{8:12} Now he had chosen five thousand men, and he had positioned them in ambush between Bethel and Ai, at the western part of the same city.
{8:13} omnis vero reliquus exercitus ad aquilonem aciem dirigebat, ita ut novissimi illius multitudinis Occidentalem plagam urbis attingerent. Abiit ergo Iosue nocte illa, et stetit in vallis medio.
{8:13} Yet truly, all the remainder of the army was arranged in a line to the north, so that the very end of that multitude reached to the western region of the city. Then Joshua went out that night, and he stood in the middle of the valley.
{8:14} Quod cum vidisset rex Hai, festinavit mane, et egressus est cum omni exercitu civitatis, direxitque aciem contra desertum, ignorans quod post tergum laterent insidiæ.
{8:14} And when the king of Ai had seen this, he hurried in the morning, and he went out with the entire army of the city. And he arranged them in a line opposite the desert, not knowing that an ambush lay hidden behind his back.
{8:15} Iosue vero, et omnis Israel cesserunt loco, simulantes metum, et fugientes per solitudinis viam.
{8:15} Yet truly, Joshua, and all of Israel, withdrew from the place, pretending to be afraid, and fleeing along the way of the wilderness.
{8:16} At illi vociferantes pariter, et se mutuo cohortantes, persecuti sunt eos. Cumque recessissent a civitate,
{8:16} And they pursued them, shouting together and encouraging one another. And when they had withdrawn from the city,
{8:17} et ne unus quidem in urbe Hai et Bethel remansisset qui non persequeretur Israel (sicut eruperant aperta oppida relinquentes,)
{8:17} and indeed not one remained in the city of Ai and of Bethel who did not pursue after Israel, (leaving the towns open after they had rushed out,)
{8:18} dixit Dominus ad Iosue: Leva clypeum, qui in manu tua est, contra urbem Hai, quoniam tibi tradam eam.
{8:18} the Lord said to Joshua: “Lift up the shield that is in your hand, toward the city of Ai. For I will deliver it to you.”
{8:19} Cumque elevasset clypeum ex adverso civitatis, insidiæ, quæ latebant, surrexerunt confestim: et pergentes ad civitatem, ceperunt, et succenderunt eam.
{8:19} And when he had lifted up the shield toward the city, the ambush, which lay hidden, rose up quickly. And advancing to the city, they seized it, and set it on fire.
{8:20} Viri autem civitatis, qui persequebantur Iosue, respicientes et videntes fumum urbis ad cælum usque conscendere, non potuerunt ultra huc illucque diffugere: præsertim cum hi, qui simulaverant fugam, et tendebant ad solitudinem, contra persequentes fortissime restitissent.
{8:20} Now the men of the city who were pursuing Joshua, looking back and seeing the smoke of the city rising up even to heaven, were no longer able to flee in one direction or another, especially since those who had pretended to flee, and who were heading toward the wilderness, had turned back very strongly against those who were pursuing them.
{8:21} Vidensque Iosue et omnis Israel quod capta esset civitas, et fumus urbis ascenderet, reversus percussit viros Hai.
{8:21} And Joshua, and all of Israel, seeing that the city had been captured, and that the smoke of the city was ascending, returned and struck down the men of Ai.
{8:22} Siquidem et illi qui ceperant et succenderant civitatem, egressi ex urbe contra suos, medios hostium ferire cœperunt. Cum ergo ex utraque parte adversarii cæderentur, ita ut nullus de tanta multitudine salvaretur,
{8:22} Then too, those who had seized and set the city on fire, departing from the city toward their own men, began to strike the enemies in the middle. Therefore, since the adversaries were cut off from both sides, none of so great a multitude was saved.
{8:23} regem quoque urbis Hai apprehenderunt viventem, et obtulerunt Iosue.
{8:23} Also, they apprehended the king of the city of Ai, alive, and they brought him before Joshua.
{8:24} Igitur omnibus interfectis, qui Israelem ad deserta tendentem fuerant persecuti, et in eodem loco gladio corruentibus, reversi filii Israel percusserunt civitatem.
{8:24} And so, after all were slain who had pursued Israel fleeing toward the wilderness, and after they fell by the sword in the same place, the sons of Israel returned and struck the city.
{8:25} Erant autem qui in eodem die conciderant a viro usque ad mulierem, duodecim millia hominum, omnes urbis Hai.
{8:25} Now there were twelve thousand persons who had fallen on the same day, from man even to woman, the entire city of Ai.
{8:26} Iosue vero non contraxit manum, quam in sublime porrexerat, tenens clypeum donec interficerentur omnes habitatores Hai.
{8:26} Truly Joshua did not draw back his hand, which he had stretched out on high, keeping hold of the shield until all the inhabitants of Ai were put to death.
{8:27} Iumenta autem et prædam civitatis diviserunt sibi filii Israel, sicut præceperat Dominus Iosue.
{8:27} Then the sons of Israel divided among themselves the cattle and the plunder of the city, just as the Lord had instructed Joshua.
{8:28} Qui succendit urbem, et fecit eam tumulum sempiternum:
{8:28} And he set fire to the city, and he caused it to be a perpetual tomb.
{8:29} regem quoque eius suspendit in patibulo usque ad vesperam et solis occasum. Præcepitque Iosue, et deposuerunt cadaver eius de cruce: proieceruntque in ipso introitu civitatis, congesto super eum magno acervo lapidum, qui permanet usque in præsentem diem.
{8:29} Also, he suspended the king on a gallows, until evening and the setting of the sun. And Joshua instructed, and they took down his dead body from the hanging tree. And they cast it at the very entrance of the city, gathering a great pile of stones upon it, which remains even to the present day.
{8:30} Tunc ædificavit Iosue altare Domino Deo Israel in monte Hebal:
{8:30} Then Joshua built an altar to the Lord, the God of Israel, on Mount Ebal,
{8:31} sicut præceperat Moyses famulus Domini filiis Israel, et scriptum est in volumine legis Moysi: Altare vero de lapidibus impolitis, quos ferrum non tetigit: et obtulit super eo holocausta Domino, immolavitque pacificas victimas.
{8:31} just as Moses, the servant of the Lord, had instructed to the sons of Israel, and this was written in the book of the law of Moses: truly, an altar of uncut stones, which iron has not touched. And he offered holocausts upon it to the Lord, and he immolated victims as peace-offerings.
{8:32} Et scripsit super lapides Deuteronomium legis Moysi, quod ille digesserat coram filiis Israel.
{8:32} And he wrote on the stones, the Deuteronomy of the law of Moses, which he had set in order before the sons of Israel.
{8:33} Omnis autem populus, et maiores natu, ducesque ac iudices stabant ex utraque parte arcæ, in conspectu sacerdotum qui portabant arcam fœderis Domini, ut advena ita et indigena. Media pars eorum iuxta montem Garizim, et media iuxta montem Hebal, sicut præceperat Moyses famulus Domini. Et primum quidem benedixit populo Israel.
{8:33} Then all the people, and those greater by birth, and the commanders and judges were standing on both sides of the ark, in the sight of the priests who were carrying the ark of the covenant of the Lord, with both the new arrival and the native born, one half part of them beside Mount Gerizim, and one half beside Mount Ebal, just as Moses, the servant of the Lord, had instructed. And first, certainly, he blessed the people of Israel.
{8:34} Post hæc legit omnia verba benedictionis et maledictionis, et cuncta quæ scripta erant in legis volumine.
{8:34} After this, he read all the words of the blessing and the cursing, and all the things that were written in the book of the law.
{8:35} Nihil ex his, quæ Moyses iusserat, reliquit intactum, sed universa replicavit coram omni multitudine Israel, mulieribus ac parvulis et advenis, qui inter eos morabantur.
{8:35} He left nothing untouched out of those things that Moses had ordered, and he repeated everything before the entire multitude of Israel, with the women and the little ones, and the new arrivals who were staying among them.
{9:1} Quibus auditis, cuncti reges trans Iordanem, qui versabantur in montanis et campestribus, in maritimis ac littore magni maris, hi quoque qui habitabant iuxta Libanum, Hethæus et Amorrhæus, Chananæus, Pherezæus, et Hevæus, et Iebusæus
{9:1} And when these things were heard, all the kings across the Jordan, who lived among the mountains and plains, along the coastline and shores of the great sea, also those who were living near Lebanon, the Hittite, and the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Perizzite, and the Hivite, and the Jebusite,
{9:2} congregati sunt pariter, ut pugnarent contra Iosue et Israel uno animo, eademque sententia.
{9:2} gathered themselves together, so that they might fight against Joshua and Israel, with one mind and with the same resolve.
{9:3} At hi, qui habitabant in Gabaon, audientes cuncta quæ fecerat Iosue, Iericho et Hai:
{9:3} But those who were living in Gibeon, hearing all that Joshua had done to Jericho and Ai,
{9:4} et callide cogitantes tulerunt sibi cibaria, saccos veteres asinis imponentes, et utres vinarios scissos atque consutos,
{9:4} planning cleverly, took for themselves provisions, placing old sacks upon their donkeys, and wineskins that had torn and been sewed up,
{9:5} calceamentaque perantiqua quæ ad indicium vetustatis pittaciis consuta erant, induti veteribus vestimentis: panes quoque, quos portabant ob viaticum, duri erant, et in frustra comminuti:
{9:5} and having very old shoes, which had been sewn with patches indicating their age, and being clothed in old garments, having also loaves, which they carried as food for the journey, which were hard and broken into pieces.
{9:6} perrexeruntque ad Iosue, qui tunc morabatur in castris Galgalæ, et dixerunt ei, atque simul omni Israeli: De terra longinqua venimus, pacem vobiscum facere cupientes. Responderuntque viri Israel ad eos, atque dixerunt:
{9:6} And they traveled to Joshua, who at that time was staying in the camp at Gilgal. And they said to him, and to all of Israel with him, “We have come from a far away land, desiring to make peace with you.” And the sons of Israel responded to them, and said,
{9:7} Ne forte in terra, quæ nobis sorte debetur, habitetis, et non possimus fœdus inire vobiscum.
{9:7} “Perhaps instead, you live in the land which ought to be ours by lot, and we would be unable to form a pact with you.”
{9:8} At illi ad Iosue, Servi, inquiunt, tui sumus. Quibus Iosue ait: Qui nam estis vos? Et unde venistis?
{9:8} But they said to Joshua, “We are your servants.” And Joshua said to them: “But who are you? And where are you from?”
{9:9} Responderunt: De terra longinqua valde venerunt servi tui in nomine Domini Dei tui. Audivimus enim famam potentiæ eius, cuncta quæ fecit in Ægypto,
{9:9} They responded: “Your servants have arrived, from a very far away land, in the name of the Lord, your God. For we have heard about the fame of his power, all the things that he has done in Egypt,
{9:10} et duobus regibus Amorrhæorum qui fuerunt trans Iordanem, Sehon regi Hesebon, et Og regi Basan, qui erat in Astaroth:
{9:10} and to the two kings of the Amorites, who were beyond the Jordan: Sihon, the king of Heshbon, and Og, the king of Bashan, who was at Ashtaroth.
{9:11} dixeruntque nobis seniores, et omnes habitatores terræ nostræ: Tollite in manibus cibaria ob longissimam viam, et occurrite eis, et dicite: Servi vestri sumus, fœdus inite nobiscum.
{9:11} And our elders, and all the inhabitants of our land, have said to us: ‘Take in hand provisions for the very long journey, and meet with them, and say: We are your servants; form a pact with us.’
{9:12} En, panes quando egressi sumus de domibus nostris, ut veniremus ad vos, calidos sumpsimus, nunc sicci facti sunt, et vetustate nimia comminuti.
{9:12} Lo, the loaves were taken up warm when we departed from our houses, so that we might come to you. Now they have become dry and broken, due to age.
{9:13} Utres vini novos implevimus, nunc rupti sunt et soluti. Vestes et calceamenta quibus induimur, et quæ habemus in pedibus, ob longitudinem longioris viæ trita sunt, et pene consumpta.
{9:13} These wineskins were new when we filled them, now they are torn and broken. The garments we are wearing, and the shoes we have on our feet, due to the great length of the distance, have become worn and are nearly consumed.”
{9:14} Susceperunt igitur de cibariis eorum, et os Domini non interrogaverunt.
{9:14} And so they accepted this, because of their provisions, and they did not consult the mouth of the Lord.
{9:15} Fecitque Iosue cum eis pacem, et inito fœdere pollicitus est quod non occiderentur: principes quoque multitudinis iuraverunt eis.
{9:15} And Joshua made peace with them, and entering into a pact, he promised that they would not be put to death. The leaders of the multitude also swore to them.
{9:16} Post dies autem tres initi fœderis, audierunt quod in vicino habitarent, et inter eos futuri essent.
{9:16} Then, three days after the pact was formed, they heard that they lived in the vicinity, and that they would soon be among them.
{9:17} Moveruntque castra filii Israel, et venerunt in civitates eorum die tertio, quarum hæc vocabula sunt, Gabaon, et Caphira, et Beroth, et Cariathiarim.
{9:17} And so the sons of Israel moved the camp, and they arrived at their cities on the third day, those which are called: Gibeon, and Chephirah, and Beeroth, and Kiriath-jearim.
{9:18} Et non percusserunt eos, eo quod iurassent eis principes multitudinis in nomine Domini Dei Israel. Murmuravit itaque omne vulgus contra principes.
{9:18} And they did not strike them, because the leaders of the multitude had sworn to them in the name of the Lord, the God of Israel. And so all of the common people murmured against the leaders.
{9:19} Qui responderunt eis: Iuravimus illis in nomine Domini Dei Israel, et idcirco non possumus eos contingere.
{9:19} And they responded to them: “We have sworn to them in the name of the Lord, the God of Israel, and for that reason, we are not able to touch them.
{9:20} Sed hoc faciemus eis: Reserventur quidem ut vivant, ne contra nos ira Domini concitetur, si peieraverimus:
{9:20} But we shall do this to them: Certainly, let them be preserved so that they may live, lest the wrath of the Lord be stirred up against us, since we would have sworn falsely.
{9:21} sed sic vivant, ut in usus universæ multitudinis ligna cædant, aquasque comportent. Quibus hæc loquentibus:
{9:21} But though they live, let them serve the entire multitude by cutting wood and carrying water.” And while they were discussing these things,
{9:22} vocavit Gabaonitas Iosue, et dixit eis: Cur nos decipere fraude voluistis, ut diceretis: Procul valde habitamus a vobis, cum in medio nostri sitis?
{9:22} Joshua called the Gibeonites, and he said to them: “Why would you be willing to deceive us by fraud, saying, ‘We live very far away from you,’ when you are in our midst?
{9:23} Itaque sub maledictione eritis, et non deficiet de stirpe vestra ligna cædens, aquasque comportans in domum Dei mei.
{9:23} Therefore, you shall be under a curse, and your stock shall not cease to be cutters of wood and carriers of water, into the house of my God.”
{9:24} Qui responderunt: Nunciatum est nobis servis tuis, quod promisisset Dominus Deus tuus Moysi servo suo ut traderet vobis omnem Terram, et disperderet cunctos habitatores eius. Timuimus igitur valde, et providimus animabus nostris, vestro terrore compulsi, et hoc consilium inivimus.
{9:24} And they responded: “It was reported to us, your servants, that the Lord your God had promised his servant Moses that he would give you the entire land, and that he would destroy all its inhabitants. Therefore, we were very afraid, and we made a provision for our lives, compelled by the dread of you, and we undertook this counsel.
{9:25} Nunc autem in manu tua sumus: quod tibi bonum et rectum videtur, fac nobis.
{9:25} And now we are in your hand. Act toward us as it seems good and right to you.”
{9:26} Fecit ergo Iosue ut dixerat, et liberavit eos de manu filiorum Israel, ut non occiderentur.
{9:26} Therefore, Joshua did just as he had said, and he freed them from the hand of the sons of Israel, so that they would not be killed.
{9:27} Decrevitque in illo die eos esse in ministerio cuncti populi, et altaris Domini, cædentes ligna, et aquas comportantes, usque in præsens tempus, in loco, quem Dominus elegisset.
{9:27} And he decreed on that day, that they would be in the ministry of all the people and of the altar of the Lord, cutting wood and carrying water, even until this present time, in the place which the Lord had chosen.
~ In the eschatological level of meaning, the seven tribes in Canaan, who were conquered by Israel, represent the nearly seven years of the Antichrist’s reign. The part of one tribe that was spared (the portion of the Hivite tribe that dwelt at Gibeon), and who became servants to the Israelites, represents two things about the Antichrist’s reign: firstly, that his reign is less than seven full years, and secondly, that some of his followers will repent and be saved by Christ.
{10:1} Quæ cum audisset Adonisedec rex Ierusalem, quod scilicet cepisset Iosue Hai, et subvertisset eam (sicut enim fecerat Iericho et regi eius, sic fecit Hai, et regi illius) et quod transfugissent Gabaonitæ ad Israel, et essent fœderati eorum,
{10:1} When Adonizedek, the king of Jerusalem, had heard these things, specifically, that Joshua had seized Ai, and had overthrown it, (for just as he had done to Jericho and its king, so did he do to Ai and its king,) and that the Gibeonites had fled over to Israel, and were now their confederates,
{10:2} timuit valde. Urbs enim magna erat Gabaon, et una civitatum regalium, et maior oppido Hai, omnesque bellatores eius fortissimi.
{10:2} he was very afraid. For Gibeon was a great city, and was one of the royal cities, and was greater than the town of Ai, and all its warriors were very strong.
{10:3} Misit ergo Adonisedec rex Ierusalem ad Oham regem Hebron, et ad Pharam regem Ierimoth, ad Iaphia quoque regem Lachis, et ad Dabir regem Eglon, dicens:
{10:3} Therefore, Adonizedek, the king of Jerusalem, sent to Hoham, the king of Hebron, and to Piram, the king of Jarmuth, and also to Japhia, the king of Lachish, and to Debir, the king of Eglon, saying:
{10:4} Ad me ascendite, et ferte præsidium, ut expugnemus Gabaon, quare transfugerit ad Iosue, et ad filios Israel.
{10:4} “Ascend to me, and bring troops, so that we may fight against Gibeon. For it has fled over to Joshua and the sons of Israel.”
{10:5} Congregati igitur ascenderunt quinque reges Amorrhæorum: rex Ierusalem, rex Hebron, rex Ierimoth, rex Lachis, rex Eglon, simul cum exercitibus suis, et castrametati sunt circa Gabaon, oppugnantes eam.
{10:5} And so, having assembled, the five kings of the Amorites, the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, the king of Eglon, together with their armies, went up and encamped around Gibeon, laying siege to it.
{10:6} Habitatores autem Gabaon urbis obsessæ miserunt ad Iosue, qui tunc morabatur in castris apud Galgalam, et dixerunt ei: Ne retrahas manus tuas ab auxilio servorum tuorum: ascende cito, et libera nos, ferque præsidium: convenerunt enim adversum nos omnes reges Amorrhæorum, qui habitant in montanis.
{10:6} But the inhabitants of the city of Gibeon, when it was besieged, sent to Joshua, who was then staying in the camp at Gilgal. And they said to him: “May you not draw back your hands from helping your servants. Come quickly, and free us, and bring troops. For all the kings of the Amorites, who live in the mountains, have gathered together against us.”
{10:7} Ascenditque Iosue de Galgalis, et omnis exercitus bellatorum cum eo, viri fortissimi.
{10:7} And Joshua ascended from Gilgal, and the entire army of warriors with him, very strong men.
{10:8} Dixitque Dominus ad Iosue: Ne timeas eos: in manus enim tuas tradidi illos: nullus ex eis tibi resistere poterit.
{10:8} And the Lord said to Joshua: “You should not fear them. For I have delivered them into your hands. None of them will be able to withstand you.”
{10:9} Irruit itaque Iosue super eos repente, tota nocte ascendens de Galgalis:
{10:9} And so Joshua, ascending from Gilgal throughout the night, rushed upon them suddenly.
{10:10} Et conturbavit eos Dominus a facie Israel: contrivitque plaga magna in Gabaon, ac persecutus est eos per viam ascensus Beth horon, et percussit usque Azeca et Maceda.
{10:10} And the Lord set them in disarray before the face of Israel. And he crushed them in a great defeat at Gibeon, and he pursued them along the way of the ascent to Beth-horon, and he struck them down, even as far as Azekah and Makkedah.
{10:11} Cumque fugerent filios Israel, et essent in descensu Beth horon, Dominus misit super eos lapides magnos de cælo usque ad Azeca: et mortui sunt multo plures lapidibus grandinis, quam quos gladio percusserant filii Israel.
{10:11} And while they were fleeing from the sons of Israel, and were on the descent of Beth-horon, the Lord cast great stones from heaven upon them, as far as Azekah. And many more were killed by the hailstones, than were struck down by the swords of the sons of Israel.
{10:12} Tunc locutus est Iosue Domino in die, qua tradidit Amorrhæum in conspectu filiorum Israel, dixitque coram eis: Sol contra Gabaon ne movearis, et Luna contra vallem Aialon.
{10:12} Then Joshua spoke to the Lord, on the day that he handed over the Amorite in the sight of the sons of Israel, and he said before them: “O sun, you shall not move toward Gibeon! O moon, you shall not move toward the valley of Aijalon!”
{10:13} Steteruntque Sol et Luna, donec ulcisceretur se gens de inimicis suis. Nonne scriptum est hoc in libro iustorum? Stetit itaque Sol in medio cæli, et non festinavit occumbere spatio unius diei.
{10:13} And the sun and the moon stood still, until the people had avenged themselves of their enemies. Has this not been written in the book of the just? And so the sun stood still in the midst of heaven, and it did not hurry to its rest for the space of one day.
~ It is contrary to the Catholic faith to claim that this passage describes an eclipse of the sun; that is not at all what the text says. But neither is it necessary to say that the passage implies that the earth is the center of the solar system, or that the sun, earth, and moon ceased to move for 24 hours. Some type of miracle occurred, so that the sun and moon appeared to remain in the same place in the sky, but we are not told exactly how this was accomplished. Also, one need not hold that the one day was 24 hours; it could have been some shorter length of time, since the Jews counted a partial day as one day.
{10:14} Non fuit antea nec postea tam longa dies, obediente Domino voci hominis, et pugnante pro Israel.
{10:14} Never before and never after was there so long a day, as when the Lord obeyed the voice of a man, and fought for Israel.
{10:15} Reversusque est Iosue cum omni Israel in castra Galgalæ.
{10:15} And Joshua returned, with all of Israel, into the camp of Gilgal.
{10:16} Fugerant enim quinque reges, et se absconderant in spelunca urbis Maceda.
{10:16} For the five kings had fled, and had hidden themselves in a cave, near the city of Makkedah.
{10:17} Nunciatumque est Iosue quod inventi essent quinque reges latentes in spelunca urbis Maceda.
{10:17} And it was reported to Joshua that the five kings had been found hidden in a cave, near the city of Makkedah.
{10:18} Qui præcepit sociis, et ait: Volvite saxa ingentia ad os speluncæ, et ponite viros industrios, qui clausos custodiant:
{10:18} And he instructed his companions and said: “Roll vast stones to the mouth of the cave, and station attentive men who will keep them closed.
{10:19} vos autem nolite stare, sed persequimini hostes, et extremos quosque fugientium cædite: nec dimittatis eos urbium suarum intrare præsidia, quos tradidit Dominus Deus in manus vestras.
{10:19} But as for you, do not stay here; instead, pursue the enemies, and cut down the lattermost of those who are fleeing. You shall not permit those whom the Lord God has delivered into your hands to enter into the protection of their cities.”
{10:20} Cæsis ergo adversariis plaga magna, et usque ad internecionem pene consumptis, hi, qui Israel effugere potuerunt, ingressi sunt civitates munitas.
{10:20} Thus, the adversaries were struck down in a great defeat, and having been nearly consumed, even to utter annihilation, those who were able to escape from Israel entered into fortified cities.
{10:21} Reversusque est omnis exercitus ad Iosue in Maceda, ubi tunc erant castra, sani et integro numero: nullusque contra filios Israel mutire ausus est.
{10:21} And the entire army returned to Joshua at Makkedah, where they were then encamped, in good health and in their full numbers. And no one dared to move his tongue against the sons of Israel.
{10:22} Præcepitque Iosue, dicens: Aperite os speluncæ, et producite ad me quinque reges, qui in ea latitant.
{10:22} And Joshua instructed, saying, “Open the mouth of the cave, and bring forward to me the five kings, who are hidden within it.”
{10:23} Feceruntque ministri ut sibi fuerat imperatum: et eduxerunt ad eum quinque reges de spelunca, regem Ierusalem, regem Hebron, regem Ierimoth, regem Lachis, regem Eglon.
{10:23} And the ministers did just as they had been ordered. And they led out to him the five kings from the cave: the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, the king of Eglon.
{10:24} Cumque educti essent ad eum, vocavit omnes viros Israel, et ait ad principes exercitus qui secum erant: Ite, et ponite pedes super colla regum istorum. Qui cum perrexissent, et subiectorum colla pedibus calcarent,
{10:24} And when they had been led out to him, he called all the men of Israel, and he said to the leaders of the army who were with him, “Go, and place your feet upon the necks of these kings.” And when they had gone and had tread their feet upon the necks of those who were thrown down,
{10:25} rursum ait ad eos: Nolite timere, nec paveatis, confortamini et estote robusti: sic enim faciet Dominus cunctis hostibus vestris, adversum quos dimicatis.
{10:25} he spoke to them again: “Do not be afraid, and do not dread. Be strengthened and be steadfast. For so will the Lord do to all your enemies, against whom you fight.”
{10:26} Percussitque Iosue, et interfecit eos, atque suspendit super quinque stipites: fueruntque suspensi usque ad vesperum.
{10:26} And Joshua struck them down and killed them, and he suspended them on five gallows. And they hung there until evening.
{10:27} Cumque occumberet Sol, præcepit sociis ut deponerent eos de patibulis. Qui depositos proiecerunt in speluncam, in qua latuerant, et posuerunt super os eius saxa ingentia, quæ permanent usque in præsens.
{10:27} And when the sun had set, he instructed his assistants that they should take them down from the gallows. And having been taken down, they cast them into the cave, where they had lain hidden, and they set vast stones at its mouth, which remain, even to the present.
{10:28} Eodem quoque die Macedam cepit Iosue, et percussit eam in ore gladii, regemque illius interfecit, et omnes habitatores eius: non dimisit in ea saltem parvas reliquias. Fecitque regi Maceda, sicut fecerat regi Iericho.
{10:28} Also on the same day, Joshua seized Makkedah, and he struck it with the edge of the sword, and he put to death its king and all its inhabitants. He did not leave in it even the smallest remains. And he did to the king of Makkedah, just as he had done to the king of Jericho.
{10:29} Transivit autem cum omni Israel de Maceda in Lebna, et pugnabat contra eam:
{10:29} Then he went on, with all of Israel, from Makkedah to Libnah, and he fought against it.
{10:30} quam tradidit Dominus cum rege suo in manus Israel: percusseruntque urbem in ore gladii, et omnes habitatores eius. Non dimiserunt in ea ullas reliquias. Feceruntque regi Lebna, sicut fecerant regi Iericho.
{10:30} And the Lord delivered it, with its king, into the hands of Israel. And they struck the city with the edge of the sword, and all its inhabitants. They did not leave in it any remains. And they did to the king of Libnah, just as they had done to the king of Jericho.
{10:31} De Lebna transivit in Lachis cum omni Israel: et exercitu per gyrum disposito oppugnabat eam.
{10:31} From Libnah, with all of Israel, he went on to Lachish. And taking positions around it with his army, he besieged it.
{10:32} Tradiditque Dominus Lachis in manus Israel, et cepit eam die altero, atque percussit in ore gladii, omnemque animam quæ fuerat in ea, sicut fecerat Lebna.
{10:32} And the Lord delivered Lachish into the hands of Israel, and he seized it on the following day, and he struck it with the edge of the sword, and every soul that was in it, just as he had done to Libnah.
{10:33} Eo tempore ascendit Horam rex Gazer, ut auxiliaretur Lachis: quem percussit Iosue cum omni populo eius usque ad internecionem.
{10:33} At that time, Horam, the king of Gezer, went up so that he might assist Lachish. And Joshua struck him with all his people, even unto utter annihilation.
{10:34} Transivitque de Lachis in Eglon, et circumdedit,
{10:34} And he went on from Lachish to Eglon, and he surrounded it.
{10:35} atque expugnavit eam eadem die: percussitque in ore gladii omnes animas, quæ erant in ea iuxta omnia quæ fecerat Lachis.
{10:35} And he also defeated it on the same day. And he struck all the souls that were in it with the edge of the sword, in accord with all that he had done to Lachish.
{10:36} Ascendit quoque cum omni Israel de Eglon in Hebron, et pugnavit contra eam:
{10:36} He also ascended, with all of Israel, from Eglon into Hebron, and he fought against it.
{10:37} cepit eam, et percussit in ore gladii, regem quoque eius, et omnia oppida regionis illius, universasque animas, quæ in ea fuerant commoratæ: non reliquit in ea ullas reliquias: sicut fecerat Eglon, sic fecit et Hebron, cuncta quæ in ea reperit consumens gladio.
{10:37} He seized it and struck it with the edge of the sword, likewise with its king, and all the towns of that region, and all the souls that were staying in it. He did not leave any remains in it. Just as he had done to Eglon, so also did he do to Hebron, consuming with the sword all that he found within it.
{10:38} Inde reversus in Dabir,
{10:38} Returning from there to Debir,
{10:39} cepit eam atque vastavit: regem quoque eius atque omnia per circuitum oppida percussit in ore gladii: non dimisit in ea ullas reliquias: sicut fecerat Hebron et Lebna et regibus earum, sic fecit Dabir et regi illius.
{10:39} he seized it and laid waste to it, likewise with its king. And all the surrounding towns, he struck with the edge of the sword. He did not leave in it any remains. Just as he had done to Hebron and Libnah, and to their kings, so did he do to Debir and to its king.
{10:40} Percussit itaque Iosue omnem Terram montanam et meridianam atque campestrem, et Asedoth cum regibus suis: non dimisit in ea ullas reliquias, sed omne quod spirare poterat interfecit, sicut præceperat ei Dominus Deus Israel,
{10:40} And so Joshua struck the entire land, the mountains, and the south, and the plains, and the descending slopes, with their kings. He did not leave in it any remains, but he put to death all that was able to breathe, just as the Lord, the God of Israel, had instructed him,
{10:41} a Cadesbarne usque Gazam. Omnem Terram Gosen usque Gabaon,
{10:41} from Kadesh-barnea, as far as Gaza, with all the land of Goshen, as far as Gibeon.
{10:42} universosque reges, et regiones eorum uno impetu cepit atque vastavit: Dominus enim Deus Israel pugnavit pro eo.
{10:42} And all their kings and their regions, he seized and destroyed with a single attack. For the Lord, the God of Israel, fought on his behalf.
{10:43} Reversusque est cum omni Israel ad locum castrorum in Galgala.
{10:43} And he returned, with all of Israel, to the place of the encampment at Gilgal.
{11:1} Quæ cum audisset Iabin rex Asor, misit ad Iobab regem Madon, et ad regem Semeron, atque ad regem Achsaph:
{11:1} And when Jabin, the king of Hazor, had heard these things, he sent to Jobab, the king of Madon, and to the king of Shimron, and to the king of Achshaph,
{11:2} ad reges quoque Aquilonis, qui habitabant in montanis et in planitie contra meridiem Ceneroth, in campestribus quoque et in regionibus Dor iuxta mare:
{11:2} also to the kings of the north, who were living in the mountains, and in the plains opposite the southern region of Chinneroth, and also in the plains and the regions of Dor, beside the sea,
{11:3} Chananæum quoque ab Oriente et Occidente, et Amorrhæum atque Hethæum ac Pherezæum et Iebusæum in montanis: Hevæum quoque qui habitabat ad radices Hermon in Terra Maspha.
{11:3} also to the Canaanites, from east to west, and to the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, and the Jebusite in the mountains, also to the Hivite who was living at the base of Hermon, in the land of Mizpah.
{11:4} Egressique sunt omnes cum turmis suis, populus multus nimis sicut arena, quæ est in littore maris, equi quoque et currus immensæ multitudinis.
{11:4} And they all went forth with their troops, a people exceedingly numerous, like the sand that is on the shore of the sea. And their horses and chariots were an immense multitude.
{11:5} Conveneruntque omnes reges isti in unum ad Aquas Merom, ut pugnarent contra Israel.
{11:5} And all these kings assembled at the waters of Merom, so that they might fight against Israel.
{11:6} Dixitque Dominus ad Iosue: Ne timeas eos: cras enim hac eadem hora ego tradam omnes istos vulnerandos in conspectu Israel: equos eorum subnervabis, et currus igne combures.
{11:6} And the Lord said to Joshua: “You should not fear them. For tomorrow, at this same hour, I will deliver all these to be wounded in the sight of Israel. You will hamstring their horses, and you will burn their chariots with fire.”
{11:7} Venitque Iosue, et omnis exercitus cum eo adversus illos ad Aquas Merom subito, et irruerunt super eos,
{11:7} And Joshua, and the entire army with him, came against them suddenly, at the waters of Merom, and they rushed upon them.
{11:8} tradiditque illos Dominus in manus Israel. Qui percusserunt eos, et persecuti sunt usque ad Sidonem magnam, et Aquas Maserephoth, campumque Masphe, qui est ad Orientalem illius partem. Ita percussit omnes, ut nullas dimitteret ex eis reliquias:
{11:8} And the Lord delivered them into the hands of Israel. And they struck them, and they pursued them as far as the great Sidon, and the waters of Misrephoth, and the field of Mizpeh, which is toward the eastern region. He struck them all, so that nothing was left of them to remain.
{11:9} fecitque sicut præceperat ei Dominus, equos eorum subnervavit, currusque combussit igni.
{11:9} And he did just as the Lord had instructed him. He hamstrung their horses, and he burned their chariots with fire.
{11:10} Reversusque statim cepit Asor: et regem eius percussit gladio. Asor enim antiquitus inter omnia regna hæc principatum tenebat.
{11:10} And turning back, he immediately seized Hazor. And he struck down its king with the sword. For Hazor, from antiquity, held the first position among all these kingdoms.
{11:11} Percussitque omnes animas, quæ ibidem morabantur: non dimisit in ea ullas reliquias, sed usque ad internecionem universa vastavit, ipsamque urbem peremit incendio.
{11:11} And he struck down all the souls that were staying there. He did not leave in it any remains, but he destroyed everything unto utter annihilation, and he destroyed the city itself with fire.
{11:12} Et omnes per circuitum civitates, regesque earum cepit, percussit atque delevit, sicut præceperat ei Moyses famulus Domini.
{11:12} And he seized, struck, and destroyed all the surrounding cities and their kings, just as Moses, the servant of God, had instructed him.
{11:13} Absque urbibus, quæ erant in collibus, et in tumulis sitæ, ceteras succendit Israel: unam tantum Asor munitissimam flamma consumpsit.
{11:13} And except for the cities that were on hills and in elevated places, the rest Israel burned. One only, highly-fortified Hazor, was consumed with fire.
{11:14} Omnemque prædam istarum urbium ac iumenta diviserunt sibi filii Israel, cunctis hominibus interfectis.
{11:14} And the sons of Israel divided among themselves all the plunder of these cities, and the cattle, putting to death all persons.
{11:15} Sicut præceperat Dominus Moysi servo suo, ita præcepit Moyses Iosue, et ille universa complevit: non præteriit de universis mandatis, nec unum quidem verbum quod iusserat Dominus Moysi.
{11:15} Just as the Lord had instructed his servant Moses, so did Moses instruct Joshua, and he fulfilled everything. He did not omit even one word out of all the commandments, which the Lord had commanded Moses.
{11:16} Cepit itaque Iosue omnem Terram montanam, et meridianam, terramque Gosen, et planitiem, et Occidentalem plagam, montemque Israel, et campestria eius:
{11:16} And so Joshua seized the entire land of the mountains, and of the south, and the land of Goshen, and the plains, and the western region, and the mountain of Israel, and its plains.
{11:17} et partem montis, quæ ascendit Seir usque Baalgad per planitiem Libani subter montem Hermon: omnes reges eorum cepit, percussit, et occidit.
{11:17} As for the part of the mountain that ascends to Seir, as far as Baalgad, along the plain of Lebanon under mount Hermon, all their kings he seized, struck down, and killed.
{11:18} Multo tempore pugnavit Iosue contra reges istos.
{11:18} For a long time, Joshua fought against these kings.
{11:19} Non fuit civitas quæ se traderet filiis Israel, præter Hevæum, qui habitabat in Gabaon: omnes enim bellando cepit.
{11:19} There was not a city that delivered itself to the sons of Israel, except the Hivites who were living at Gibeon. For he seized it all in warfare.
{11:20} Domini enim sententia fuerat, ut indurarentur corda eorum, et pugnarent contra Israel, et caderent, et non mererentur ullam clementiam, ac perirent, sicut præceperat Dominus Moysi.
{11:20} For it was the sentence of the Lord that their hearts would be hardened, and that they would fight against Israel and fall, and that they did not deserve any clemency, and that they should perish, just as the Lord had commanded Moses.
{11:21} In illo tempore venit Iosue, et interfecit Enacim de montanis, Hebron, et Dabir, et Anab, et de omni monte Iuda et Israel, urbesque eorum delevit.
{11:21} In that time, Joshua went and put to death the Anakim from the mountains, from Hebron and Debir and Anab, and from all the mountains of Judah and Israel. And he destroyed their cities.
{11:22} Non reliquit ullum de stirpe Enacim, in Terra filiorum Israel: absque civitatibus Gaza, et Geth, et Azoto, in quibus solis relicti sunt.
{11:22} He did not leave any from the stock of the Anakim in the land of the sons of Israel, except the cities of Gaza, and Gath, and Ashdod, which alone were left behind.
{11:23} Cepit ergo Iosue omnem Terram, sicut locutus est Dominus ad Moysen, et tradidit eam in possessionem filiis Israel secundum partes et tribus suas. Quievitque Terra a præliis.
{11:23} Thus, Joshua seized all the land, just as the Lord spoke to Moses, and he delivered it as a possession to the sons of Israel, according to their divisions and tribes. And the land rested from battles.
{12:1} Hi sunt reges, quos percusserunt filii Israel, et possederunt Terram eorum trans Iordanem ad solis ortum, a torrente Arnon usque ad montem Hermon, et omnem Orientalem plagam, quæ respicit solitudinem.
{12:1} These are the kings whom the sons of Israel struck down, and whose land they possessed beyond the Jordan, toward the rising of the sun, from the torrent Arnon as far as mount Hermon, with the entire eastern region that looks out toward the wilderness:
{12:2} Sehon rex Amorrhæorum, qui habitavit in Hesebon, dominatus est ab Aroer, quæ sita est super ripam torrentis Arnon, et mediæ partis in valle, dimidiæque Galaad, usque ad torrentem Iaboc, qui est terminus filiorum Ammon.
{12:2} Sihon, the king of the Amorites, who lived at Heshbon, and who had dominion from Aroer, which is situated on the bank of the torrent Arnon, and the valley in the middle, and one half of Gilead, as far as the torrent Jabbok, which is the border of the sons of Ammon,
{12:3} Et a solitudine usque ad Mare Ceneroth contra Orientem, et usque ad Mare deserti, quod est mare salsissimum, ad Orientalem plagam per viam quæ ducit Bethsimoth: et ab australi parte, quæ subiacet Asedoth, Phasga.
{12:3} and from the wilderness, as far as the sea of Chinneroth toward the east, and to the Sea of the Wilderness, which is the very salty sea, to the eastern region, along the way that leads to Beth-jeshimoth, and from the southern region that lies under the descending slope of Pisgah,
{12:4} Terminus Og regis Basan, de reliquiis Raphaim, qui habitavit in Astaroth, et in Edrai, et dominatus est in monte Hermon, et in Salecha, atque in universa Basan, usque ad terminos
{12:4} to the border of Og, the king of Bashan; from the remnant of the Rephaim, who lived in Ashtaroth, and at Edrei, and who had dominion on mount Hermon, and at Salecah, and into all of Bashan, even to its limits;
{12:5} Gessuri, et Machati, et dimidiæ partis Galaad: terminos Sehon regis Hesebon.
{12:5} with Geshur and Maacati, and one half of Gilead, these were the borders of Sihon, the king of Heshbon.
{12:6} Moyses famulus Domini, et filii Israel percusserunt eos, tradiditque Terram eorum Moyses in possessionem Rubenitis, et Gaditis, et dimidiæ tribui Manasse.
{12:6} Moses, the servant of the Lord, and the sons of Israel struck them down. And Moses delivered their land into the possession of the Reubenites, and the Gadites, and the one half tribe of Manasseh.
{12:7} Hi sunt reges Terræ, quos percussit Iosue et filii Israel trans Iordanem ad Occidentalem plagam, a Baalgad in campo Libani, usque ad montem, cuius pars ascendit in Seir: tradiditque eam Iosue in possessionem tribubus Israel, singulis partes suas,
{12:7} These are the kings of the land, whom Joshua and the sons of Israel struck down across the Jordan, toward the western region, from Baalgad in the field of Lebanon, as far as the mountain, part of which ascends to Seir. And Joshua delivered it as a possession to the tribes of Israel, to each one in their divisions,
{12:8} tam in montanis quam in planis atque campestribus. In Asedoth, et in solitudine, ac in meridie Hethæus fuit et Amorrhæus, Chananæus et Pherezæus, Hevæus et Iebusæus.
{12:8} both in the mountains and in the plains and fields. In the descending slopes, and in the wilderness, and in the south, there too was the Hittite and the Amorite, the Canaanite and the Perizzite, the Hivite and the Jebusite.
{12:9} Rex Iericho unus: rex Hai, quæ est ex latere Bethel, unus:
{12:9} The king of Jericho, one; the king of Ai, which is beside Bethel, one;
{12:10} rex Ierusalem unus, rex Hebron unus,
{12:10} the king of Jerusalem, one; the king of Hebron, one;
{12:11} rex Ierimoth unus, rex Lachis unus,
{12:11} the king of Jarmuth, one; the king of Lachish, one;
{12:12} rex Eglon unus, rex Gazer unus,
{12:12} the king of Eglon, one; the king of Gezer, one;
{12:13} rex Dabir unus, rex Gader unus,
{12:13} the king of Debir, one; the king of Geder, one;
{12:14} rex Herma unus, rex Hered unus,
{12:14} the king of Hormah, one; the king of Arad, one;
{12:15} rex Lebna unus, rex Odullam unus,
{12:15} the king of Libnah, one; the king of Adullam, one;
{12:16} rex Maceda unus, rex Bethel unus,
{12:16} the king of Makkedah, one; the king of Bethel, one;
{12:17} rex Taphua unus, rex Opher unus,
{12:17} the king of Tappuah, one; the king of Hepher, one;
{12:18} rex Aphec unus, rex Saron unus,
{12:18} the king of Aphek, one; the king of Lasharon, one;
{12:19} rex Madon unus, rex Asor unus,
{12:19} the king of Madon, one; the king of Hazor, one;
{12:20} rex Semeron unus, rex Achsaph unus,
{12:20} the king of Shimron, one; the king of Achshaph, one;
{12:21} rex Thenac unus, rex Mageddo unus,
{12:21} the king of Taanach, one; the king of Megiddo, one;
{12:22} rex Cades unus, rex Iachanan Carmeli unus,
{12:22} the king of Kadesh, one; the king of Jokneam of Carmel, one;
{12:23} rex Dor, et provinciæ Dor unus, rex gentium Galgal unus,
{12:23} the king of Dor and of the province of Dor, one; the king of the nations of Gilgal, one;
{12:24} rex Thersa unus: omnes reges triginta unus.
{12:24} the king of Tirzah, one. All the kings were thirty-one.
{13:1} Iosue senex, provectæque ætatis erat, et dixit Dominus ad eum: Senuisti, et longævus es, terraque latissima derelicta est, quæ necdum sorte divisa est:
{13:1} Joshua was old and advanced in age, and the Lord said to him: “You have grown old, and are aged, and a very wide land remains, which has not yet been divided by lot,
{13:2} omnis videlicet Galilæa, Philisthiim, et universa Gessuri.
{13:2} specifically, all of Galilee, Philistia, and all of Geshur;
{13:3} A fluvio turbido, qui irrigat Ægyptum, usque ad terminos Accaron contra Aquilonem: Terra Chanaan, quæ in quinque regulos Philisthiim dividitur, Gazæos, et Azotios, Ascalonitas, Gethæos, et Accaronitas.
{13:3} from the muddy river, which irrigates Egypt, as far as the border of Ekron toward the north, the land of Canaan, which is divided among the rulers of Philistia: the Gazites, and the Ashdodites, the Ashkelonites, the Gathites, and the Ekronites;
{13:4} Ad meridiem vero sunt Hevæi, omnis Terra Chanaan, et Maara Sidoniorum usque Apheca et terminos Amorrhæi,
{13:4} truly, to the south are the Hivites, all the land of Canaan, and Mearah of the Sidonians, as far as Aphek and the borders of the Amorite
{13:5} eiusque confinia. Libani quoque regio contra Orientem a Baalgad sub monte Hermon, donec ingrediaris Emath.
{13:5} and his confines; also, the region of Lebanon toward the east, from Baalgad, under mount Hermon, until you enter into Hamath;
{13:6} Omnium qui habitant in monte a Libano usque ad Aquas Maserephoth, universique Sidonii. Ego sum qui delebo eos a facie filiorum Israel. Veniat ergo in partem hereditatis Israel, sicut præcepi tibi.
{13:6} all who live in the mountains from Lebanon, as far as the waters of Misrephoth, and all the Sidonians. I am the One who will wipe them out, before the face of the sons of Israel. Therefore, let their land become a part of the inheritance of Israel, just as I have instructed you.
{13:7} Et nunc divide terram in possessionem novem tribubus, et dimidiæ tribui Manasse,
{13:7} And now, divide the land as a possession to the nine tribes, and to the one half tribe of Manasseh.”
{13:8} cum qua Ruben et Gad possederunt terram, quam tradidit eis Moyses famulus Domini trans fluenta Iordanis, ad orientalem plagam.
{13:8} With them, Reuben and Gad have possessed the land, which Moses, the servant of the Lord, delivered to them beyond the river Jordan, on the eastern side:
{13:9} Ab Aroer, quæ sita est in ripa torrentis Arnon, et in vallis medio, universaque campestria Medaba, usque Dibon:
{13:9} from Aroer, which is situated on the bank of the torrent Arnon and in the midst of the valley, and all the plains of Medeba, as far as Dibon;
{13:10} et cunctas civitates Sehon, regis Amorrhæi, qui regnavit in Hesebon usque ad terminos filiorum Ammon:
{13:10} and all the cities of Sihon, the king of the Amorites, who reigned in Heshbon, even to the borders of the sons of Ammon;
{13:11} et Galaad, ac terminum Gessuri et Machati, et omnem montem Hermon, et universam Basan, usque ad Salecha,
{13:11} and Gilead, as well as the borders of Geshur and Maacati, and all of mount Hermon, and all of Bashan, as far as Salecah;
{13:12} omne regnum Og in Basan, qui regnavit in Astaroth et Edrai, ipse fuit de reliquiis Raphaim: percussitque eos Moyses, atque delevit.
{13:12} the entire kingdom of Og in Bashan, who reigned at Ashtaroth and Edrei, (he was among the last of the Rephaim). And Moses struck and destroyed them.
{13:13} Nolueruntque disperdere filii Israel Gessuri et Machati: et habitaverunt in medio Israel usque in præsentem diem.
{13:13} And the sons of Israel were not willing to destroy Geshur and Maacati, and so they have lived in the midst of Israel, even to the present day.
{13:14} Tribui autem Levi non dedit possessionem: sed sacrificia et victimæ Domini Dei Israel, ipsa est eius hereditas, sicut locutus est illi.
{13:14} But to the tribe of Levi, he did not give a possession. Instead, the sacrifices and victims of the Lord, the God of Israel, these are his inheritance, just as he spoke to him.
{13:15} Dedit ergo Moyses possessionem tribui filiorum Ruben iuxta cognationes suas.
{13:15} Therefore, Moses gave a possession to the tribe of the sons of Reuben, according to their families.
{13:16} Fuitque terminus eorum ab Aroer, quæ sita est in ripa torrentis Arnon, et in valle eiusdem torrentis media: universam planitiem, quæ ducit Medaba,
{13:16} And their border was from Aroer, which is situated on the bank of the torrent Arnon, and in the midst of the valley of the same torrent, with all the flatlands that lead to Medeba;
{13:17} et Hesebon, cunctosque viculos earum, qui sunt in campestribus: Dibon quoque, et Bamothbaal, et oppidum Baalmaon,
{13:17} and Heshbon, and all their villages, which are in the plains; also Dibon, and Bamothbaal, and the town of Baalmeon,
{13:18} et Iassa, et Cedimoth, et Mephaath,
{13:18} and Jahaz, and Kedemoth, and Mephaath,
{13:19} et Cariathaim, et Sabama, et Sarathasar in monte convallis.
{13:19} and Kiriathaim, and Sibmah, and Zereth-shahar on the mountain of the steep valley;
{13:20} Bethphogor et Asedoth, Phasga et Bethiesimoth,
{13:20} Bethpeor, and the descending slopes of Pisgah, and Beth-jeshimoth;
{13:21} et omnes urbes campestres, universaque regna Sehon regis Amorrhæi, qui regnavit in Hesebon, quem percussit Moyses cum principibus Madian: Hevæum, et Recem, et Sur, et Hur, et Rebe duces Sehon habitatores Terræ.
{13:21} and all the cities of the plain, and all the kingdoms of Sihon, the king of the Amorites, who reigned at Heshbon, whom Moses struck down with the leaders of Midian: Evi, and Rekem, and Zur, and Hur, and Reba, the commanders of Sihon, inhabitants of the land.
{13:22} Et Balaam filium Beor ariolum occiderunt filii Israel gladio cum ceteris interfectis.
{13:22} And the sons of Israel killed Balaam, the son of Beor, the seer, with the sword, along with the others who were slain.
{13:23} Factusque est terminus filiorum Ruben Iordanis fluvius. Hæc est possessio Rubenitarum per cognationes suas urbium et viculorum.
{13:23} And the river Jordan was made the border of the sons of Reuben; this is the possession of the Reubenites, by their families, in cities and villages.
{13:24} Deditque Moyses tribui Gad et filiis eius per cognationes suas possessionem, cuius hæc divisio est.
{13:24} And Moses gave to the tribe of Gad and his sons, by their families, a possession, of which this is the division:
{13:25} Terminus Iaser, et omnes civitates Galaad, et dimidiam partem terræ filiorum Ammon, usque ad Aroer, quæ est contra Rabba:
{13:25} the border of Jazer, and all the cities of Gilead, and one half part of the land of the sons of Ammon, as far as Aroer, which is opposite Rabbah;
{13:26} et ab Hesebon usque Ramoth, Masphe et Betonim: et a Manaim usque ad terminos Dabir:
{13:26} and from Heshbon as far as Ramath, Mizpeh, and Betonim; and from Mahanaim as far as the borders of Debir;
{13:27} in valle quoque Betharan, et Bethnemra, et Socoth, et Saphon reliquam partem regni Sehon regis Hesebon: huius quoque finis, Iordanis est usque ad extremam partem maris Cenereth trans Iordanem ad orientalem plagam.
{13:27} also, in the valley Beth-haram and Beth-nimrah, and Succoth, and Zaphon, the remaining part of the kingdom of Sihon, the king of Heshbon; the limit of this also is the Jordan, as far as the furthest part of the sea of Chinnereth, beyond the Jordan on the eastern side.
{13:28} Hæc est possessio filiorum Gad per familias suas, civitates, et villæ earum.
{13:28} This is the possession of the sons of Gad, by their families, in their cities and villages.
{13:29} Dedit et dimidiæ tribui Manasse, filiisque eius iuxta cognationes suas possessionem,
{13:29} He also gave, to the one half tribe of Manasseh and to his sons, a possession according to their families,
{13:30} cuius hoc principium est: a Manaim universam Basan, et cuncta regna Og regis Basan, omnesque vicos Iair, qui sunt in Basan, sexaginta oppida:
{13:30} the beginning of which is this: from Mahanaim, all of Bashan, and all the kingdoms of Og, the king of Bashan, and all the villages of Jair, which are in Bashan, sixty towns;
{13:31} et dimidiam partem Galaad, et Astaroth, et Edrai urbes regni Og in Basan: filiis Machir, filii Manasse, dimidiæ parti filiorum Machir iuxta cognationes suas.
{13:31} and one half part of Gilead, and Ashtaroth, and Edrei, the cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan, to the sons of Machir, the son of Manasseh, to one half part of the sons of Machir, according to their families.
{13:32} Hanc possessionem divisit Moyses in campestribus Moab trans Iordanem contra Iericho ad Orientalem plagam.
{13:32} Moses divided this possession, in the plains of Moab, beyond the Jordan, opposite Jericho on the eastern side.
{13:33} Tribui autem Levi non dedit possessionem: quoniam Dominus Deus Israel ipse est possessio eius, ut locutus est illi.
{13:33} But to the tribe of Levi he did not give a possession. For the Lord, the God of Israel, is himself their possession, just as he spoke to him.
{14:1} Hoc est, quod possederunt filii Israel in Terra Chanaan, quam dederunt eis Eleazar sacerdos, et Iosue filius Nun, et principes familiarum per tribus Israel:
{14:1} This is what the sons of Israel possessed in the land of Canaan, which Eleazar, the priest, and Joshua, the son of Nun, and the leaders of the families, by the tribes of Israel, gave to them,
{14:2} sorte omnia dividentes, sicut præceperat Dominus in manu Moysi, novem tribubus, et dimidiæ tribui.
{14:2} dividing all by lot, just as the Lord had instructed by the hand of Moses, to the nine tribes and to the one half tribe.
{14:3} Duabus enim tribubus, et dimidiæ dederat Moyses trans Iordanem possessionem: absque Levitis, qui nihil terræ acceperunt inter fratres suos:
{14:3} For to the two and one half tribes, Moses had given a possession beyond the Jordan, aside from the Levites, who received no land among their brothers.
{14:4} sed in eorum successerunt locum filii Ioseph in duas divisi tribus, Manasse et Ephraim: nec acceperunt Levitæ aliam in Terra partem, nisi urbes ad habitandum, et suburbana earum ad alenda iumenta et pecora sua.
{14:4} For by succession, the sons of Joseph, in their place, were divided into two tribes, Manasseh and Ephraim. But the Levites did not receive another portion of land, except cities in which to live, and their suburbs, so as to feed their beasts of burden and cattle.
{14:5} Sicut præceperat Dominus Moysi, ita fecerunt filii Israel, et diviserunt Terram.
{14:5} Just as the Lord had commanded Moses, so the sons of Israel did, and they divided the land.
{14:6} Accesserunt itaque filii Iuda ad Iosue in Galgala, locutusque est ad eum Caleb filius Iephone Cenezæus: Nosti quid locutus sit Dominus ad Moysen hominem Dei de me et te in Cadesbarne.
{14:6} And so, the sons of Judah approached Joshua at Gilgal. And Caleb, the son of Jephone, the Kenizzite, spoke to him: “You know what the Lord said to Moses, the man of God, at Kadesh-barnea, about me and you.
{14:7} Quadraginta annorum eram quando misit me Moyses famulus Domini de Cadesbarne, ut considerarem Terram, nunciavique ei quod mihi verum videbatur.
{14:7} I was forty years old when Moses, the servant of the Lord, sent me from Kadesh-barnea, so that I might consider the land. And I reported to him what seemed to me to be true.
{14:8} Fratres autem mei, qui ascenderant mecum, dissolverunt cor populi: et nihilominus ego secutus sum Dominum Deum meum.
{14:8} But my brothers, who had ascended with me, broke the heart of the people. And I nevertheless followed the Lord my God.
{14:9} Iuravitque Moyses in die illo, dicens: Terra, quam calcavit pes tuus, erit possessio tua, et filiorum tuorum in æternum: quia secutus es Dominum Deum meum.
{14:9} And Moses swore, on that day, saying: ‘The land that your foot has tread upon shall be your possession, and that of your sons, unto eternity. For you have followed the Lord my God.’
{14:10} Concessit ergo Dominus vitam mihi, sicut pollicitus est usque in præsentem diem. Quadraginta et quinque anni sunt, ex quo locutus est Dominus verbum istud ad Moysen, quando ambulabat Israel per solitudinem: hodie octoginta quinque annorum sum,
{14:10} Therefore, the Lord has granted life to me, just as he promised, even to the present day. It has been forty-five years since the Lord spoke this word to Moses, when Israel was wandering through the wilderness. Today, I am eighty-five years old,
{14:11} sic valens, ut eo valebam tempore quando ad explorandum missus sum: illius in me temporis fortitudo usque hodie perseverat, tam ad bellandum quam ad gradiendum.
{14:11} being just as strong as I was at that time, when I was sent to explore the land. The fortitude in me at that time continues even until today, as much to fight as to march.
{14:12} Da ergo mihi montem istum, quem pollicitus est Dominus, te quoque audiente, in quo Enacim sunt, et urbes magnæ atque munitæ: si forte sit Dominus mecum, et potuero delere eos: sicut promisit mihi.
{14:12} Therefore, grant to me this mountain, which the Lord has promised in your hearing also, on which are the Anakim, and cities, great and fortified. Perhaps it may be that the Lord will be with me, and I will be able to destroy them, just as he promised to me.”
{14:13} Benedixitque ei Iosue: et tradidit ei Hebron in possessionem.
{14:13} And Joshua blessed him, and he delivered Hebron to him as a possession.
{14:14} Atque ex eo fuit Hebron Caleb filio Iephone Cenezæo usque in præsentem diem: quia secutus est Dominum Deum Israel.
{14:14} And from then on, Hebron was for Caleb, the son of Jephunneh, the Kenizzite, even to the present day. For he followed the Lord, the God of Israel.
{14:15} Nomen Hebron ante vocabatur Cariath Arbe: Adam maximus ibi inter Enacim situs est: et Terra cessavit a præliis.
{14:15} Previously, the name Hebron was called Kiriath-Arba. Adam, the greatest among the Anakim, was laid there. And the land ceased from battles.
{15:1} Igitur sors filiorum Iudæ per cognationes suas ista fuit: A termino Edom, desertum Sin contra Meridiem, et usque ad extremam partem australis plagæ.
{15:1} And so, the lot of the sons of Judah, by their families, was this: from the border of Edom, to the desert of Sin toward the south, and even to the furthest part of the southern region.
{15:2} Initium eius a summitate maris salsissimi, et a lingua eius, quæ respicit Meridiem.
{15:2} Its beginning was from the summit of the very salty sea, and from its bay, which looks toward the south.
{15:3} Egrediturque contra Ascensum Scorpionis, et pertransit in Sina: ascenditque in Cadesbarne, et pervenit in Esron, ascendens ad Addar, et circuiens Carcaa,
{15:3} And it extends toward the ascent of the Scorpion, and it passes on to Sinai. And it ascends into Kadesh-barnea, and it passes through to Hezron, ascending to Addar, and encompassing Karka.
{15:4} atque inde pertransiens in Asemona, et perveniens ad Torrentem Ægypti: eruntque termini eius mare magnum. Hic erit finis meridianæ plagæ.
{15:4} And from there, it passes on to Azmon, and reaches to the torrent of Egypt. And its boundary shall be the great sea; this shall be the limit of the southern region.
{15:5} Ab Oriente vero erit initium, mare salsissimum usque ad extrema Iordanis: et ea quæ respiciunt ad Aquilonem a lingua maris usque ad eundem Iordanis fluvium.
{15:5} Yet truly, toward the east, the beginning shall be the very salty sea, even to the limit of the Jordan, and that which looks toward the north, from the bay of the sea, even to the same river Jordan.
{15:6} Ascenditque terminus in Beth-hagla, et transit ab Aquilone in Beth Araba: ascendens ad lapidem Boen filii Ruben.
{15:6} And the border ascends into Beth-hoglah, and it crosses from the north into Beth-Arabah, ascending to the stone of Bohan, the son of Reuben.
{15:7} Et tendens usque ad terminos Debera de Valle Achor, contra Aquilonem respiciens Galgala, quæ est ex adverso Ascensionis Adommim, ab australi parte torrentis: transitque aquas, quæ vocantur Fons Solis: et erunt exitus eius ad Fontem Rogel.
{15:7} And it reaches as far as the borders of Debara, from the Valley of Achor, to the north, looking toward Gilgal, which is opposite the Ascent of Adummim, on the southern part of the torrent. And it crosses the waters that are called the Fountain of the Sun. And its exit shall be at the Fountain of Rogel.
{15:8} Ascenditque per convallem filii Ennom ex latere Iebusæi ad Meridiem, hæc est Ierusalem: et inde se erigens ad verticem montis, qui est contra Geennom ad Occidentem in summitate Vallis Raphaim contra Aquilonem.
{15:8} And it ascends by the steep valley of the son of Hinnom, from the side of the Jebusite, toward the south; this is Jerusalem. And from there, it raises itself to the top of the mountain, which is opposite Geennom to the west, at the top of the Valley of the Rephaim, to the north.
{15:9} Pertransitque a vertice montis usque ad fontem aquæ Nephtoa: et pervenit usque ad vicos montis Ephron: inclinaturque in Baala, quæ est Cariathiarim, id est, urbs silvarum.
{15:9} And it passes through, from the top of the mountain, even to the fountain of the Water of Nephtoah. And it continues on, as far as the villages of mount Ephron. And it inclines toward Baalah, which is Kiriath-jearim, that is, the City of Forests.
{15:10} Et circuit de Baala contra Occidentem, usque ad montem Seir: transitque iuxta latus montis Iarim ad Aquilonem in Cheslon: et descendit in Bethsames, transitque in Thamna.
{15:10} And it circles from Baalah, to the west, as far as mount Seir. And it passes by the side of mount Jearim, to the north, into Chesalon. And it descends into Beth-shemesh, and it passes through to Timnah.
{15:11} Et pervenit contra Aquilonem partis Accaron ex latere: inclinaturque Sechrona, et transit montem Baala: pervenitque in Iebneel, et magni maris contra Occidentem fine concluditur.
{15:11} And it continues on, toward the north, to a region beside Ekron. And it inclines toward Shikkeron, and it crosses to mount Baalah. And it extends into Jabneel, and the last part closes at the west with the great sea.
{15:12} Hi sunt termini filiorum Iuda per circuitum in cognationibus suis.
{15:12} These are the borders of the sons of Judah, in their families, on all sides.
{15:13} Caleb vero filio Iephone dedit partem in medio filiorum Iuda, sicut præceperat ei Dominus: Cariath Arbe patris Enac, ipsa est Hebron.
{15:13} Yet truly, to Caleb, the son of Jephunneh, he gave a portion in the midst of the sons of Judah, just as the Lord had instructed him: the City of Arba, the father of Anak, which is Hebron.
{15:14} Delevitque ex ea Caleb tres filios Enac, Sesai et Ahiman et Tholmai de stirpe Enac.
{15:14} And Caleb destroyed from it the three sons of Anak, Sheshai, and Ahiman, and Talmai, of the stock of Anak.
{15:15} Atque inde conscendens venit ad habitatores Dabir, quæ prius vocabatur Cariath Sepher, id est, civitas litterarum.
{15:15} And ascending further from there, he came to the inhabitants of Debir, which before was called Kiriath-Sepher, that is, the City of Letters.
{15:16} Dixitque Caleb: Qui percusserit Cariath Sepher, et ceperit eam, dabo ei Axam filiam meam uxorem.
{15:16} And Caleb said, “Whoever will have struck down Kiriath-Sepher, and will have seized it, I will give to him Achsah, my daughter, as wife.”
{15:17} Cepitque eam Othoniel filius Cenez frater Caleb iunior: deditque ei Axam filiam suam uxorem.
{15:17} And Othniel, the son of Kenaz, the younger brother of Caleb, seized it. And he gave him Achsah, his daughter, as wife.
{15:18} Quæ, cum pergerent simul, suasa est a viro suo ut peteret a patre suo agrum, suspiravitque ut sedebat in asino. Cui Caleb: Quid habes, inquit?
{15:18} And as they were traveling together, she was urged by her husband that she ask her father for a field. And she sighed, as she was sitting on her donkey. And Caleb said to her, “What is it?”
~ Literally, the question is ‘What do you have?’
{15:19} At illa respondit: Da mihi benedictionem: Terram australem et arentem dedisti mihi, iunge et irriguam. Dedit itaque ei Caleb irriguum superius et inferius.
{15:19} But she answered: “Give a blessing to me. You have given to me a southern and dry land; join to it also a watered land.” And so Caleb gave to her the watered land above and below it.
{15:20} Hæc est possessio tribus filiorum Iuda per cognationes suas.
{15:20} This is the possession of the tribe of the sons of Judah, by their families.
{15:21} Erantque civitates ab extremis partibus filiorum Iuda iuxta terminos Edom a Meridie: Cabseel et Eder et Iagur,
{15:21} And the cities, from the furthest parts of the sons of Judah, beside the borders of Edom to the south, were: Kabzeel and Eder and Jagur,
{15:22} et Cyna et Dimona et Adada,
{15:22} and Kinah and Dimonah and Adadah,
{15:23} et Cades, et Asor, et Iethnam,
{15:23} and Kadesh and Hazor and Ithnan,
{15:24} Ziph et Telem et Baloth,
{15:24} Ziph and Telem and Bealoth,
{15:25} Asor nova et Carioth Hesron, hæc est Asor,
{15:25} new Hazor and Kerioth-Hezron, which is Hazor,
{15:26} Amam, Sama, et Molada,
{15:26} Amam, Shema, and Moladah,
{15:27} et Asergadda et Hassemon et Bethphelet,
{15:27} and Hazar-gaddah and Heshmon and Bethpelet,
{15:28} et Hasersual et Bersabee et Baziothia,
{15:28} and Hazar-shual and Beersheba and Biziothiah,
{15:29} et Baala et Iim et Esem,
{15:29} and Baalah and Iim and Ezem,
{15:30} et Eltholad et Cesil et Harma,
{15:30} and Eltolad and Chesil and Hormah,
{15:31} et Siceleg et Medemena et Sensenna,
{15:31} and Ziklag and Madmannah and Sansannah,
{15:32} Lebaoth et Selim et Aen et Remon. Omnes civitates vigintinovem, et villæ earum.
{15:32} Lebaoth and Shilhim, and Ain and Rimmon. All the cities were twenty-nine, and their villages.
{15:33} In campestribus vero: Estaol et Sarea et Asena,
{15:33} Truly, in the plains, there were: Eshtaol and Zorah and Ashnah,
{15:34} et Zanoe et Ængannim et Taphua et Enaim,
{15:34} and Zanoah and Engannim, and Tappuah and Enam,
{15:35} et Ierimoth et Adullam, Socho et Azeca,
{15:35} and Jarmuth and Adullam, Socoh and Azekah,
{15:36} et Saraim et Adithaim et Gedera et Gederothaim: urbes quattuordecim, et villæ earum.
{15:36} and Shaaraim and Adithaim, and Gederah and Gederothaim: fourteen cities, and their villages.
{15:37} Sanan et Hadassa et Magdalgad,
{15:37} Zenan and Hadashah and Middalgad,
{15:38} Delean et Masepha et Iecthel,
{15:38} Dilean and Mizpeh and Joktheel,
{15:39} Lachis et Bascath et Eglon,
{15:39} Lachish and Bozkath and Eglon,
{15:40} Chebbon et Leheman et Cethlis,
{15:40} Cabbon and Lahmam and Chitlish,
{15:41} et Gideroth et Bethdagon et Naama et Maceda: civitates sedecim, et villæ earum.
{15:41} and Gederoth and Bethdagon, and Naamah and Makkedah: sixteen cities, and their v